Fijian/Grammar

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Main Part of Speech

The main parts of speech in Fijian include 3 open lexical classes, 2 semi-open classes, and 10 closed classes, which are further categorised into shifters and grammatical systems.

Open Classes

Open classes include Verb, tagged as <v>, Adjective, tagged as <adj>, and Noun, tagged as <n>. Furthermore, nouns have several subclasses: Personal Name, Place Name, and Common Noun, which is further divided into free and bound nouns).

  • Verb <v> (including a subset of semi-auxiliary verbs)
    -la’o<v> ↔ la’o ("go")
    -dree<v> ↔ dree ("pull")
    • Semi-auxiliaries <vaux>
-sega<vaux> ↔ sega ("not")
-rawa<vaux> ↔ rawa ("can")
  • Adjective <adj>
-lo’alo’a<adj> ↔ lo’alo’a ("purple")
-levu<adj> ↔ levu ("big")
  • Noun <n>
    • Common Noun: (article used: a~na)
      -ose<n> ↔ ose ("horse")
      -nu’u<n> ↔ nu’u ("garment")
    • Personal Name: (article used: "o"; prepositions used: "(mai)vei")
      -Jone<n> ↔ Jone ("John")
      -Sepo<n> ↔ Sepo ("Sepo")
    • Place Name: (article used: "o"; prepositions used: "i/mai")
      -Viti<n> ↔ Viti ("Fiji")
      -Na’auvadra<n> ↔ Na’auvadra ("Na’auvadra mountain")

Semi-open Classes

Closed Classes

Closed Classes of Shifters

Closed Grammatical Systems

Pronouns

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

Classifiers

Adjective Reduplication

Word Classes

Tense and Aspect Markers

Articles

Prepositions

Demonstrative

Prefixes

Numbers