Difference between revisions of "Fijian and English/Lexical selection"
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(→fij → eng) |
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{{transferTest|eng|fij|bend|lo’i}} (e.g. bend at a joint) | {{transferTest|eng|fij|bend|lo’i}} (e.g. bend at a joint) | ||
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:-Example Sentences: | :-Example Sentences: | ||
− | :* | + | :*The youth bends the metal. |
− | :*The child bends at her | + | :*The child bends at her waist. |
+ | :-Rule 1: Select ''pelu'' as the translation of ''bend'' when it is followed by a kind of metal. | ||
+ | :-Test after implementing the rule: | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | $ echo "The youth bends the metal." | apertium -d . eng-fij | ||
+ | A cauravou #pelu a kaukamea. | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | :-Rule 2: Select ''lo’i'' as the translation of ''bend'' when it is followed by a noun related to a joint. | ||
+ | :-Test: | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | $ echo "The child bends at her waist." | apertium -d . eng-fij | ||
+ | A gone #lo’i i tolona. | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
*Case 2: | *Case 2: | ||
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{{transferTest|eng|fij|shine on|cila}} (sun/moon/star shines on) | {{transferTest|eng|fij|shine on|cila}} (sun/moon/star shines on) | ||
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:-Example Sentences: | :-Example Sentences: | ||
:*The moon shines. | :*The moon shines. | ||
:*The torch shines. | :*The torch shines. | ||
+ | :-Rule 1: Select ''cila'' as the translation of ''shine'' when it is preceded by ''sun'', ''moon'', ''stars'' or any natural light sources. | ||
+ | :-Test after implementing the rule: | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | $ echo "The sun shines." | apertium -d . eng-fij | ||
+ | A siga #cila. | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | :-Rule 2: Select ''cina'' as the translation of ''shine'' when it is preceded by ''torch'', ''light'', or any artificial light sources. | ||
+ | :-Test: | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | echo "The torch shines." | apertium -d . eng-fij | ||
+ | A *torch #cina. | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
==fij → eng== | ==fij → eng== | ||
− | *Case 1.1: | + | *Case 1: |
+ | |||
+ | {{transferTest|fij|eng|vula|moon}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{transferTest|fij|eng|vula|month}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | :-Example Phrases: | ||
+ | :*e tolu a vula (three months) | ||
+ | :*a vula levu (the big moon) | ||
+ | :-Rule 1: Select ''month'' as the translation of ''vula'' when it is preceded (not immediately) by a number: | ||
+ | :-Test after implementing the rule: | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | $ echo "e tolu a vula" | apertium -d . fij-eng | ||
+ | #prpers #three the month | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | :-Rule 2: Select ''moon'' as the translation of ''vula'' when it is surrounded by adjectives like ''bright'', ''big'', ''round'', etc.. | ||
+ | :-Test: | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | $ echo "a vula levu" | apertium -d . fij-eng | ||
+ | the moon big | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Case 2: | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{transferTest|fij|eng|sere|untie}} (O verb) | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{transferTest|fij|eng|sere|sing}} (A verb) | ||
+ | |||
+ | :-Example sentences: | ||
+ | :*E sere a gone. (The child sings.) | ||
+ | :*E sere a dali. (The rope is untied.) | ||
+ | :-Rule 1: Select ''sing'' as the translation of ''sere'' when the subject is animate, e.g. when the Subject NP following it contains ''gone'' ('child') or ''cauravou'' ('youth') as the head noun: | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | <rule> | ||
+ | <match lemma="sere" tags="vblex.*"> | ||
+ | <select lemma="sing" tags="vblex"/> | ||
+ | </match> | ||
+ | <match tags="art"/> | ||
+ | <or> | ||
+ | <match lemma="gone" tags="n.*"/> | ||
+ | <match lemma="cauravou" tags="n.*"/> | ||
+ | </or> | ||
+ | </rule> | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | :-Test: | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | $ echo "E sere a gone." | apertium -d . fij-eng | ||
+ | #Prpers #sing the child. | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | :-Rule 2: Select ''untie'' as the translation of ''sere'' when its subject is inanimate, e.g. when the Subject NP following it contains ''dali'' ('rope') as the head noun: | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | <rule> | ||
+ | <match lemma="sere" tags="vblex.*"> | ||
+ | <select lemma="untie" tags="vblex"/> | ||
+ | </match> | ||
+ | <match tags="art"/> | ||
+ | <match lemma="dali" tags="n.*"/> | ||
+ | </rule> | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | :-Test: (*Problem: this rule failed to select ''untie'' as the translation.) | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | $ echo "E sere a dali." | apertium -d . fij-eng | ||
+ | #Prpers #untie the rope. | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Case 3.1: | ||
{{transferTest|fij|eng|yava|leg}} | {{transferTest|fij|eng|yava|leg}} | ||
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{{transferTest|fij|eng|yava|foot}} | {{transferTest|fij|eng|yava|foot}} | ||
− | *Case | + | *Case 3.2: |
{{transferTest|fij|eng|liga|arm}} | {{transferTest|fij|eng|liga|arm}} | ||
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{{transferTest|fij|eng|liga|hand}} | {{transferTest|fij|eng|liga|hand}} | ||
− | *Case | + | *Case 3.3: |
{{transferTest|fij|eng|mata|face}} | {{transferTest|fij|eng|mata|face}} | ||
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{{transferTest|fij|eng|mata|eye}} | {{transferTest|fij|eng|mata|eye}} | ||
− | *Case | + | *Case 4: |
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{{transferTest|fij|eng|basu|tear up}} (e.g. old clothes) | {{transferTest|fij|eng|basu|tear up}} (e.g. old clothes) | ||
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{{transferTest|fij|eng|basu|tear down}} (e.g. old buildings) | {{transferTest|fij|eng|basu|tear down}} (e.g. old buildings) | ||
− | *Case | + | *Case 5:Fijian does not distinguish genders on pronouns. |
{{transferTest|fij|eng|koya|him}} | {{transferTest|fij|eng|koya|him}} | ||
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{{transferTest|fij|eng|koya|it}} | {{transferTest|fij|eng|koya|it}} | ||
− | *Case | + | *Case 6: (a disambiguation problem?) |
The word ''levu'' can be used either as an adjective meaning "big", or a number meaning "many, much", but both numbers and adjectives can be a predicate head (like a verb). | The word ''levu'' can be used either as an adjective meaning "big", or a number meaning "many, much", but both numbers and adjectives can be a predicate head (like a verb). |
Latest revision as of 12:28, 10 April 2018
eng → fij
- Case 1:
(eng) bend → (fij) pelu (e.g. bend of metal)
(eng) bend → (fij) lo’i (e.g. bend at a joint)
- -Example Sentences:
- The youth bends the metal.
- The child bends at her waist.
- -Rule 1: Select pelu as the translation of bend when it is followed by a kind of metal.
- -Test after implementing the rule:
$ echo "The youth bends the metal." | apertium -d . eng-fij A cauravou #pelu a kaukamea.
- -Rule 2: Select lo’i as the translation of bend when it is followed by a noun related to a joint.
- -Test:
$ echo "The child bends at her waist." | apertium -d . eng-fij A gone #lo’i i tolona.
- Case 2:
(eng) shine on → (fij) cina (light/torch shines on)
(eng) shine on → (fij) cila (sun/moon/star shines on)
- -Example Sentences:
- The moon shines.
- The torch shines.
- -Rule 1: Select cila as the translation of shine when it is preceded by sun, moon, stars or any natural light sources.
- -Test after implementing the rule:
$ echo "The sun shines." | apertium -d . eng-fij A siga #cila.
- -Rule 2: Select cina as the translation of shine when it is preceded by torch, light, or any artificial light sources.
- -Test:
echo "The torch shines." | apertium -d . eng-fij A *torch #cina.
fij → eng
- Case 1:
(fij) vula → (eng) moon
(fij) vula → (eng) month
- -Example Phrases:
- e tolu a vula (three months)
- a vula levu (the big moon)
- -Rule 1: Select month as the translation of vula when it is preceded (not immediately) by a number:
- -Test after implementing the rule:
$ echo "e tolu a vula" | apertium -d . fij-eng #prpers #three the month
- -Rule 2: Select moon as the translation of vula when it is surrounded by adjectives like bright, big, round, etc..
- -Test:
$ echo "a vula levu" | apertium -d . fij-eng the moon big
- Case 2:
(fij) sere → (eng) untie (O verb)
(fij) sere → (eng) sing (A verb)
- -Example sentences:
- E sere a gone. (The child sings.)
- E sere a dali. (The rope is untied.)
- -Rule 1: Select sing as the translation of sere when the subject is animate, e.g. when the Subject NP following it contains gone ('child') or cauravou ('youth') as the head noun:
<rule> <match lemma="sere" tags="vblex.*"> <select lemma="sing" tags="vblex"/> </match> <match tags="art"/> <or> <match lemma="gone" tags="n.*"/> <match lemma="cauravou" tags="n.*"/> </or> </rule>
- -Test:
$ echo "E sere a gone." | apertium -d . fij-eng #Prpers #sing the child.
- -Rule 2: Select untie as the translation of sere when its subject is inanimate, e.g. when the Subject NP following it contains dali ('rope') as the head noun:
<rule> <match lemma="sere" tags="vblex.*"> <select lemma="untie" tags="vblex"/> </match> <match tags="art"/> <match lemma="dali" tags="n.*"/> </rule>
- -Test: (*Problem: this rule failed to select untie as the translation.)
$ echo "E sere a dali." | apertium -d . fij-eng #Prpers #untie the rope.
- Case 3.1:
(fij) yava → (eng) leg
(fij) yava → (eng) foot
- Case 3.2:
(fij) liga → (eng) arm
(fij) liga → (eng) hand
- Case 3.3:
(fij) mata → (eng) face
(fij) mata → (eng) eye
- Case 4:
(fij) basu → (eng) tear up (e.g. old clothes)
(fij) basu → (eng) tear down (e.g. old buildings)
- Case 5:Fijian does not distinguish genders on pronouns.
(fij) koya → (eng) him
(fij) koya → (eng) her
(fij) koya → (eng) it
- Case 6: (a disambiguation problem?)
The word levu can be used either as an adjective meaning "big", or a number meaning "many, much", but both numbers and adjectives can be a predicate head (like a verb).
(fij) levu → (eng) big (adj)
(fij) levu → (eng) a lot of (num)
The sentence E levu a vula. is ambiguous in Fijian, meaning either 'The moon is big.' or 'There are many months.'