Difference between revisions of "Kaingang and Portuguese/Contrastive Grammar"

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{{transferTest|kgp|eng|tỹ|==can be several ptg words}}
 
{{transferTest|kgp|eng|tỹ|==can be several ptg words}}
  
::{{transferMorphTest|kgp|eng|tỹ{{tag|subj}}{{tag|erg}}|meu{{tag|prn}}
+
{{transferMorphTest|kgp|eng|tỹ{{tag|subj}}{{tag|erg}}|meu{{tag|prn}}
  
 
Inh<prn> kósin<n> tỹ<subj><erg> ẽgno<n> vỹ<subj><top>, inh<prn> mỹ<post> tũg<v><iv>.
 
Inh<prn> kósin<n> tỹ<subj><erg> ẽgno<n> vỹ<subj><top>, inh<prn> mỹ<post> tũg<v><iv>.
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'''4) The copula verb "be" is formed with an existance-marking aspect marker in Kaingang, and with a verb in Portuguese.'''  
 
'''4) The copula verb "be" is formed with an existance-marking aspect marker in Kaingang, and with a verb in Portuguese.'''  
  
 +
{{transferTest|kgp|eng|nĩ|é}}
  
Tỹ<ex> ti<prn> ã<prn> jãmré<n> nĩ<aspect>.  
+
{{transferMorphTest|kgp|eng|nĩ{{tag|asp}}|é{{tag|v}}}}
 +
 
 +
Tỹ<ex> ti<prn> ã<prn> jãmré<n> nĩ<asp>.  
  
 
É<v> seu<prn> cunhado.<n>’
 
É<v> seu<prn> cunhado.<n>’
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''"Jesus died for us."''
 
''"Jesus died for us."''
 
 
 
 
 
ex of form : *{{transferTest|che|eng|Ас|I}}
 
::{{transferMorphTest|che|eng|ас{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|erg}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|subj}}}}
 

Revision as of 09:41, 9 April 2019


Five constrastive differences between Portuguese and Kaingang are:

1) Portuguese has gendered nouns, and Kaingang does not.


(kgp) kafã → (eng) companheira

(kgp) kafã<n> → (pt) companheira<n><f>

Inh<prn> mré<n> nĩ<asp> fi<prn> vỹ<subj> tỹ<ex>, inh<prn> kafã<n> fi<prn> nĩ<asp>.

Minha<prn> esposa<n><f> é<v> minha<prn> companheira<n>

"My wife is my companion."


2) Kaingang has subject markers, and Portuguese does not.

(kgp) tỹ → (eng) {{{4}}}

{{transferMorphTest|kgp|eng|tỹ<subj><erg>|meu<prn>

Inh<prn> kósin<n> tỹ<subj><erg> ẽgno<n> vỹ<subj><top>, inh<prn> mỹ<post> tũg<v><iv>.

Meu<prn> filho<n><masc> caçula<adj> morreu<v><3p><past?>.

"My youngest son died"


3) Tense is expressed in the verb in Portuguese, and not in Kaingang.


4) The copula verb "be" is formed with an existance-marking aspect marker in Kaingang, and with a verb in Portuguese.

(kgp) nĩ → (eng) é

(kgp) nĩ<asp> → (eng) é<v>

Tỹ<ex> ti<prn> ã<prn> jãmré<n> nĩ<asp>.

É<v> seu<prn> cunhado.<n>’

"He is his brother-in-law."


Inh mỹ tóg tỹ øn há nĩ ve nĩ.

‘para mi (cir.) ele(s.tóg) tÿ(ind.ex.) parece bom(predicado) é(ind.a.)

Tenho a impressão que ele é bom.’

"I have the impression that he is good"



5) Kaingang has post-positions, Portuguese has pre-positions.


Nĩ<v><iv><sg> ra<cir>, ẽprã<cir>!

Senta<v><3p> n<prep>o<det> chão<n><masc>!

Sit in the chair!


Ẽg<prn> jagfy<cir> tóg<subj> ter<v>, Jesus<n>.

Por<prep> nós<prn> morreu<v> Jesus<n>.

"Jesus died for us."