Difference between revisions of "Kaingang and Portuguese/Contrastive Grammar"

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''"My youngest son died"''
 
''"My youngest son died"''
  
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{{transferTest|kgp|pt|tỹ|==can be several ptg words}}
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{{transferMorphTest|kgp|pt|tỹ{{tag|subj}}{{tag|erg}}|meu{{tag|prn}}}}
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São Paulo vỹ, rã jur ja tá nĩ.
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"Sao Paulo is eastwards"
  
 
'''3) Tense is expressed in the verb in Portuguese, and not in Kaingang.'''  
 
'''3) Tense is expressed in the verb in Portuguese, and not in Kaingang.'''  
  
  
'''4) The copula verb "be" is formed with an existance-marking aspect marker in Kaingang, and with a verb in Portuguese.'''  
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'''4) The copula verb "be" is formed with an existence-marking aspect marker in Kaingang, and with a verb in Portuguese.'''  
  
 
{{transferTest|kgp|pt|nĩ|é}}
 
{{transferTest|kgp|pt|nĩ|é}}
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{{transferMorphTest|kgp|eng|nĩ{{tag|asp}}|é{{tag|v}}}}
 
{{transferMorphTest|kgp|eng|nĩ{{tag|asp}}|é{{tag|v}}}}
  
Inh<prn> mỹ<cir> tóg<subj> tỹ<ex> ũn<prn> há<n><dep> nĩ-ve<v><iv> nĩ<asp>.   
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Inh<prn> mỹ<cir> tóg<subj> tỹ<ex> ũn<prn><rel> há<n><dep> nĩ-ve<v><iv> nĩ<asp>.   
  
 
Tenho a impressão que ele é bom.’
 
Tenho a impressão que ele é bom.’
  
 
"I have the impression that he is good"
 
"I have the impression that he is good"
 
 
  
  

Revision as of 13:24, 9 April 2019


Five constrastive differences between Portuguese and Kaingang are:

1) Portuguese has gendered nouns, and Kaingang does not.


(kgp) kafã → (pt) companheira

(kgp) kafã<n> → (pt) companheira<n><f>

Inh<prn> mré<n> nĩ<asp> fi<prn> vỹ<subj> tỹ<ex>, inh<prn> kafã<n> fi<prn> nĩ<asp>.

Minha<prn> esposa<n><f> é<v> minha<prn> companheira<n>

"My wife is my companion."


2) Kaingang has subject markers, and Portuguese does not.

(kgp) tỹ → (pt) {{{4}}}

(kgp) tỹ<subj><erg> → (pt) meu<prn>

Inh<prn> kósin<n> tỹ<subj><erg> ẽgno<n> vỹ<subj><top>, inh<prn> mỹ<post> tũg<v><iv>.

Meu<prn> filho<n><masc> caçula<adj> morreu<v><3p><past?>.

"My youngest son died"

(kgp) tỹ → (pt) {{{4}}}

(kgp) tỹ<subj><erg> → (pt) meu<prn>

São Paulo vỹ, rã jur ja tá nĩ.

"Sao Paulo is eastwards"

3) Tense is expressed in the verb in Portuguese, and not in Kaingang.


4) The copula verb "be" is formed with an existence-marking aspect marker in Kaingang, and with a verb in Portuguese.

(kgp) nĩ → (pt) é

(kgp) nĩ<asp> → (eng) é<v>

Tỹ<ex> ti<prn> ã<prn> jãmré<n> nĩ<asp>.

É<v> seu<prn> cunhado.<n>’

"He is his brother-in-law."

(kgp) nĩ → (pt) é

(kgp) nĩ<asp> → (eng) é<v>

Inh<prn> mỹ<cir> tóg<subj> tỹ<ex> ũn<prn><rel> há<n><dep> nĩ-ve<v><iv> nĩ<asp>.

Tenho a impressão que ele é bom.’

"I have the impression that he is good"


5) Kaingang has post-positions, Portuguese has pre-positions.


(kgp) ẽprã → (pt) por

(kgp) ẽprã<cir> → (pt) em<prep>

Nĩ<v><iv><sg> ra<asp>, ẽprã<cir>!

Senta<v><3p> n<prep>o<det> chão<n><masc>!

Sit on the floor!


(kgp) jagfy → (pt) por

(kgp) jagfy<cir> → (pt) por<prep>

Ẽg<prn> jagfy<cir> tóg<subj> ter<v>, Jesus<n>.

Por<prep> nós<prn> morreu<v> Jesus<n>.

"Jesus died for us."