Difference between revisions of "Magahi/Grammar"
From LING073
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None of these cases can be applied to the plural form of a noun. | None of these cases can be applied to the plural form of a noun. | ||
* You can form the locative case by adding the suffix "-ē". If the noun ended in "ā", it gets removed and if it ended in "ī" or "ū", the vowel gets shortened. | * You can form the locative case by adding the suffix "-ē". If the noun ended in "ā", it gets removed and if it ended in "ī" or "ū", the vowel gets shortened. | ||
− | ** {{morphTest|घोरा{{tag|n}}{{tag| | + | ** {{morphTest|घोरा{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|घोरे}}<ref name="grierson">Linguistic Survey of India</ref> |
− | ** {{morphTest|बैल{{tag|n}}{{tag| | + | ** {{morphTest|बैल{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|बैले}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> |
− | ** {{morphTest|चोर{{tag|n}}{{tag| | + | ** {{morphTest|चोर{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|चोरे}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan</ref> |
<!-- ** {{morphTest|ghorā{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|ghōrē}}<ref name="grierson">Linguistic Survey of India</ref> | <!-- ** {{morphTest|ghorā{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|ghōrē}}<ref name="grierson">Linguistic Survey of India</ref> | ||
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* You can form the instrumental case by adding the suffix "-ē̃." The same process of removing or shortening vowels as in the locative applies. | * You can form the instrumental case by adding the suffix "-ē̃." The same process of removing or shortening vowels as in the locative applies. | ||
− | ** {{morphTest|फल{{tag|n}}{{tag| | + | ** {{morphTest|फल{{tag|n}}{{tag|ins}}|फलेँ}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> |
− | ** {{morphTest|राजा{{tag|n}}{{tag| | + | ** {{morphTest|राजा{{tag|n}}{{tag|ins}}|राजेँ}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> |
− | ** {{morphTest|माली{{tag|n}}{{tag| | + | ** {{morphTest|माली{{tag|n}}{{tag|ins}}|मालिएँँ}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> |
<!-- ** {{morphTest|phal{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|phalē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | <!-- ** {{morphTest|phal{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|phalē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
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** {{morphTest|mālī{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|māliē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> --> | ** {{morphTest|mālī{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|māliē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> --> | ||
− | * Other cases may be indicated using postpositions. | + | * Other cases may be indicated using postpositions. When doing so, the noun must be in the oblique form. If it ends in a vowel, the oblique is the same as the nominative. If the noun ends in a consonant, then you can optionally add the "-e" suffix. |
+ | ** {{morphTest|घोरा{{tag|n}}{{tag|obl}}|घोरा के}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
+ | ** {{morphTest|बैल{{tag|n}}{{tag|obl}}|बैले के}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
+ | ** {{morphTest|चोर{{tag|n}}{{tag|obl}}|चोर के}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!-- ** {{morphTest|ghora{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|ghora ke}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
+ | ** {{morphTest|bail{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|baile ke}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
+ | ** {{morphTest|cor{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|cor ke}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> --> | ||
= Pronouns = | = Pronouns = |
Revision as of 19:07, 4 March 2021
Contents
Nouns
Plural Forms
- Plurality is expressed via the suffix "-अन", and if the final vowel is long, shorten it:
- It can also be expressed by adding the word "सब" or "लोग" for human noun after the singular form:
Case
None of these cases can be applied to the plural form of a noun.
- You can form the locative case by adding the suffix "-ē". If the noun ended in "ā", it gets removed and if it ended in "ī" or "ū", the vowel gets shortened.
- You can form the instrumental case by adding the suffix "-ē̃." The same process of removing or shortening vowels as in the locative applies.
- Other cases may be indicated using postpositions. When doing so, the noun must be in the oblique form. If it ends in a vowel, the oblique is the same as the nominative. If the noun ends in a consonant, then you can optionally add the "-e" suffix.
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Person | Singular | Sg.Genitive | Sg. Oblique | Plural |
---|---|---|---|---|
First | हम | हमार | हमारा | हमानि |
Second | तु | तोर | तोरा | तोहनि |
Second Honorific | तोहार | तोहारा | ||
Third Proximate | इ | एकर | एकारा | इ (सब) |
Third Proximate Honorific | इनकर | इनकारा | ||
Third Non-Proximate | उ | ओकर | ओकारा | उ (सब) |
Third Non-Proximate Honorific | उनकर | उनकारा |
Demonstratives
Demonstrative | Interrogative | Relative | Correlative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | इ/उ | का/के (human) | जे | से/ते |
Genitive | एकर/ओकर | केकर | जेकर | सेकर/तेकर |
Oblique | एकरा/ओकरा | केकरा | जेकरा | सेकरा/तेकरा |
Attributive | इ/उ | के/कौन | जे/जौन | से |
Adjectival | ऐसन/ऑइसन | कैसन | जैसन | तैसान |
Quantitative | एतना/ओतना | केतना | जेतना | तेतन |
Manner adv. | ऐसे/ओइसे | कैसे | जैसे | तैसे |
Place adv. | इहाँ/उहाँ | कहाँ | जहाँ | त्यहाँ |
Time adv. | अब | कब | जब | तब |