Difference between revisions of "Magahi/Grammar"
From LING073
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== Plural Forms == | == Plural Forms == | ||
− | * Plurality is expressed via the suffix "- | + | * Plurality is expressed via the suffix "-अन", and if the final vowel is long, shorten it: |
− | ** {{morphTest|ghorā{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|ghōran}}<ref name="grierson">Linguistic Survey of India</ref> | + | ** {{morphTest|घोरा{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|गोरन}}<ref name="grierson">Linguistic Survey of India</ref> |
+ | ** {{morphTest|बैल{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|बैलन}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
+ | ** {{morphTest|चोर{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|चोरन}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!-- ** {{morphTest|ghorā{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|ghōran}}<ref name="grierson">Linguistic Survey of India</ref> | ||
** {{morphTest|bail{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|bailan}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ** {{morphTest|bail{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|bailan}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
− | ** {{morphTest|cor{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|coran}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | + | ** {{morphTest|cor{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|coran}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> --> |
− | * It can also be expressed by adding the word " | + | |
− | ** {{morphTest|phal{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|phal sab}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | + | * It can also be expressed by adding the word "सब" or "लोग" for human noun after the singular form: |
+ | ** {{morphTest|फल{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|फल सब}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
+ | ** {{morphTest|राजा{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|राजा लोग}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
+ | ** {{morphTest|माली{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|माली लोग}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!-- ** {{morphTest|phal{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|phal sab}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
** {{morphTest|rājā{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|rājā log}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ** {{morphTest|rājā{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|rājā log}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
− | ** {{morphTest|mālī{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|mālī log}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | + | ** {{morphTest|mālī{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|mālī log}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> --> |
== Case == | == Case == | ||
None of these cases can be applied to the plural form of a noun. | None of these cases can be applied to the plural form of a noun. | ||
− | * You can form the locative case by adding the suffix "-ē. | + | * You can form the locative case by adding the suffix "-ē". If the noun ended in "ā", it gets removed and if it ended in "ī" or "ū", the vowel gets shortened. |
− | ** {{morphTest|ghorā{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|ghōrē}}<ref name="grierson">Linguistic Survey of India</ref> | + | ** {{morphTest|घोरा{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|घोरे}}<ref name="grierson">Linguistic Survey of India</ref> |
+ | ** {{morphTest|बैल{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|बैले}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
+ | ** {{morphTest|चोर{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|चोरे}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!-- ** {{morphTest|ghorā{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|ghōrē}}<ref name="grierson">Linguistic Survey of India</ref> | ||
** {{morphTest|bail{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|bailē}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ** {{morphTest|bail{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|bailē}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
− | ** {{morphTest|cor{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|corē}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan</ref> | + | ** {{morphTest|cor{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|corē}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan</ref> --> |
* You can form the instrumental case by adding the suffix "-ē̃." The same process of removing or shortening vowels as in the locative applies. | * You can form the instrumental case by adding the suffix "-ē̃." The same process of removing or shortening vowels as in the locative applies. | ||
− | ** {{morphTest|phal{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|phalē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | + | ** {{morphTest|फल{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|फलेँ}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> |
+ | ** {{morphTest|राजा{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|राजेँ}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
+ | ** {{morphTest|माली{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|मालिएँँ}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!-- ** {{morphTest|phal{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|phalē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
** {{morphTest|rājā{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|rājē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ** {{morphTest|rājā{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|rājē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | ||
− | ** {{morphTest|mālī{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|māliē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> | + | ** {{morphTest|mālī{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|māliē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref> --> |
* Other cases may be indicated using postpositions. | * Other cases may be indicated using postpositions. | ||
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== Personal Pronouns == | == Personal Pronouns == | ||
{|class="wikitable sortable" | {|class="wikitable sortable" | ||
+ | ! Person !! Singular!! Sg.Genitive !! Sg. Oblique !! Plural | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! First | ||
+ | | हम|| हमार|| हमारा|| हमानि | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Second | ||
+ | | तु|| तोर|| तोरा|| तोहनि | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Second Honorific | ||
+ | | || तोहार|| तोहारा|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Third Proximate | ||
+ | | | इ | एकर || एकारा || इ (सब) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Third Proximate Honorific | ||
+ | | || इनकर || इनकारा|| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Third Non-Proximate | ||
+ | | | उ | ओकर || ओकारा || उ (सब) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Third Non-Proximate Honorific | ||
+ | | || उनकर || उनकारा || | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!-- {|class="wikitable sortable" | ||
! Person !! Singular!! Sg.Genitive !! Sg. Oblique !! Plural | ! Person !! Singular!! Sg.Genitive !! Sg. Oblique !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
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! Third Non-Proximate Honorific | ! Third Non-Proximate Honorific | ||
| || unkar || unkara|| | | || unkar || unkara|| | ||
− | + | |} --> | |
− | |} | ||
= Demonstratives = | = Demonstratives = | ||
= Verbs = | = Verbs = |
Revision as of 18:04, 4 March 2021
Contents
Nouns
Plural Forms
- Plurality is expressed via the suffix "-अन", and if the final vowel is long, shorten it:
- It can also be expressed by adding the word "सब" or "लोग" for human noun after the singular form:
Case
None of these cases can be applied to the plural form of a noun.
- You can form the locative case by adding the suffix "-ē". If the noun ended in "ā", it gets removed and if it ended in "ī" or "ū", the vowel gets shortened.
- You can form the instrumental case by adding the suffix "-ē̃." The same process of removing or shortening vowels as in the locative applies.
- Other cases may be indicated using postpositions.
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Person | Singular | Sg.Genitive | Sg. Oblique | Plural |
---|---|---|---|---|
First | हम | हमार | हमारा | हमानि |
Second | तु | तोर | तोरा | तोहनि |
Second Honorific | तोहार | तोहारा | ||
Third Proximate | इ | एकर | एकारा | इ (सब) | |
Third Proximate Honorific | इनकर | इनकारा | ||
Third Non-Proximate | उ | ओकर | ओकारा | उ (सब) | |
Third Non-Proximate Honorific | उनकर | उनकारा |