Difference between revisions of "Miskito and English/Contrastive Grammar"
From LING073
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In Miskito, adjectives come between the subject and the determiner. This is the reverse in English. | In Miskito, adjectives come between the subject and the determiner. This is the reverse in English. | ||
| − | * {{transferTest|miq|eng| | + | * {{transferTest|miq|eng|Bîp mairin nani ba yabal ra kan | The cows were on the road}} |
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|aras{{tag|n}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} sirpi{{tag|adj}} kaia{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} | The{{tag|det}} horse {{tag|n}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} small{{tag|adj}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|aras{{tag|n}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} sirpi{{tag|adj}} kaia{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} | The{{tag|det}} horse {{tag|n}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} small{{tag|adj}}}} | ||
| − | * {{transferTest|miq|eng| | + | * {{transferTest|miq|eng|Yang plun damni daukri | I made sweet food}} |
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|tutni{{tag|n}} yamni{{tag|adj}} | good{{tag|adj}} afternoon{{tag|n}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|tutni{{tag|n}} yamni{{tag|adj}} | good{{tag|adj}} afternoon{{tag|n}}}} | ||
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===Subject Deletion=== | ===Subject Deletion=== | ||
Unlike English, first person verbs can stand alone to make a grammatically correct sentence. | Unlike English, first person verbs can stand alone to make a grammatically correct sentence. | ||
Revision as of 11:39, 12 May 2021
Contents
Miq-Eng tests
Object Order
Miskito is an SOV language, so the object phrase always follows the noun phrase and generally precedes the verb phrase (there are some exceptions). In contrast, English is an SVO language.
- (miq) Yang wal wîna kalila piras. → (eng) I don't eat meat and chicken
- (miq) yang<prn><p1> wîna<n> kalila<n> piras<v><p1><neg> → (eng) I<prn><p1><sg> eat<vblex><pres> meat<n> and<cnjcoo> chicken<n>
- (miq) Titan pata ba pat ridi sa. → (eng) The breakfast is ready.
- (miq) titan<n> pata<n> ba<det><def><dst> pat<adv> ridi<adj> sa<vkaia><pres><p3> → (eng) The<det><def> breakfast<n> be<vbser><pres><p3> ready<adj>
Adjective Order
In Miskito, adjectives come between the subject and the determiner. This is the reverse in English.
- (miq) Bîp mairin nani ba yabal ra kan → (eng) The cows were on the road
- (miq) aras<n> ba<det><def><dst> sirpi<adj> kaia<v><pres><p3> → (eng) The<det> horse <n> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> small<adj>
- (miq) Yang plun damni daukri → (eng) I made sweet food
- (miq) tutni<n> yamni<adj> → (eng) good<adj> afternoon<n>
Subject Deletion
Unlike English, first person verbs can stand alone to make a grammatically correct sentence.
- (miq) wapri → (eng) I walked
- (miq) wapri<v><past><p1> → (eng) I<prn><p1><sg> walked<vblex><past>
- (miq) kalila pisna → (eng) I eat chicken
- (miq) kalila<n> pisna<v><pres><p1> → (eng) I<prn><p1><sg> eat<vblex><pres> chicken<n>
Plurals
In Miskito, plurality is created by adding the word nani after the noun. In contrast, English creates plurals by adding s to the end of nouns.
- (miq) Aras nani ba → (eng) The horses
- (miq) Aras<n> nani<det><pl><def> ba<det><def><dst> → (eng) The<det><def> horses<n><pl>
Possessives
Posession in Miskito modifies the possessed noun with a suffix. Whereas in English, possession is marked on the possessor.
- (miq) man araskam → (eng) Your horse
- (miq) man<prn><p2> araskam<n><px2sg> → (eng) your<det><px2sg> horse<n>
