Difference between revisions of "Miyako/Grammar"

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(Noun compounding)
(Noun compounding)
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An adjectival stem can be compounded with a noun.  Adjectives cannot stand on their own.
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===Adjectival stems===
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Adjectives cannot stand on their own, but adjectival stems (or property concepts) can be used to form nouns, verbs, and adverbs.  Adjectival stems and nouns are compounded and verbs and adverbs are made with affixes.
  
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Noun examples:
 
small + child = small child
 
small + child = small child
  
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っふがら + ひんじゃ = っふがらひんじゃ
 
っふがら + ひんじゃ = っふがらひんじゃ
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expensive + fish = expensive fish
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たかだい + っぞぅ = たかだいっぞぅ
  
 
===Pronouns===
 
===Pronouns===

Revision as of 01:59, 9 February 2017

Parts of Speech

Ikema has nouns, verbs, adnominals, adverbs, conjunctions, and interjections. Also postpositions and final particles.

Grammar Points

List of postpositions

[1]

Romaji Hiragana Function Tag
a topic 1 <top1>
ga genitive and nominative <gen> and <nom>
nu genitive and nominative <gen> and <nom>
u accusative 1 <acc1>
a accusative 2 <acc2>
du どぅ focus <foc>
n dative <dat>
ti てぃ quotative <quot>
nkai んかい allative 1 <all1>
nki んき allative 2 <all2>
taahii たーひー limitative <lim>
kara から ablative <abl>
hii ひー instrumental <ins>
tu とぅ comitative <com>
ncɨkyaa んつきゃー comparative <comp>

List of final particles

[1]

Romaji Hiragana Function
doo
i
na Y/N question
ga Wh question
da how about ~?

Noun suffixes

[1]

Romaji HIragana Function Tag Example
gama がま Diminutive <dim> とぅい<n><dim> ↔ とぅいがま
mmi っみ Plural 1 <pl1> やらび<n><dim> ↔ やらびっみ
ta  た Plural 2 <pl2> みどぅん<n><dim> ↔ みどぅんた
nagi  なぎ Approximative <app>

kya as pl3 in Pear Story but not in table

Note: in the Introduction to Ryukyuan PDF, っみ is listed as pl1 in the table of suffices, but then is glossed as pl2 in the pear story.

shimagama, ffagama, pushigama (island, child, star) hitummi and banammi (people and flowers) from the Russian one

Noun compounding

Two nouns can be compounded together, and are considered a single lexical unit and not a noun phrase. [2]

woman + child = girl

みどぅん + っふぁ = みどぅんっふぁ

pear + tree = pear tree

なし + ぎー = なしぎー


Adjectival stems

Adjectives cannot stand on their own, but adjectival stems (or property concepts) can be used to form nouns, verbs, and adverbs. Adjectival stems and nouns are compounded and verbs and adverbs are made with affixes.

Noun examples: small + child = small child

いみ + っふぁ = いみっふぁ

frustrating + thing = frustrating thing

かさます + むぬ = かさますむぬ

black + goat = black goat

っふがら + ひんじゃ = っふがらひんじゃ

expensive + fish = expensive fish たかだい + っぞぅ = たかだいっぞぅ

Pronouns

Romaji HIragana Function Tag
ba 1 Sg <p1><sg>
vva っヴぁ 2 Sg <p2><sg>  
ura うら 3 Sg inanimate <p3><sg><nn>
kai かい 3 Sg animate <p3><sg><aa>
karaa からー 3 Sg animate top <p3><sg><aa><top>
karuu かるー 3 Sg animate acc <p3><sg><aa><acc>
banchaa ばんちゃー 1 Pl animate <p1><pl><aa>

Other things

Ikema does not have productive reduplication, unlike other Miyako dialects

use the cases for the postpositions and mod for sentence final particles

Classifiers

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 http://lingdy.aacore.jp/jp/material/An_introduction_to_Ryukyuan_languages.pdf
  2. https://repozytorium.amu.edu.pl/handle/10593/14699