Miyako/Grammar
From LING073
Contents
Parts of Speech
Ikema has nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, and interjections. Also postpositions and final particles.
Grammar Points
List of postpositions [1]
Romaji | Hiragana | Function | Tag |
---|---|---|---|
a | あ | topic 1 | <top1> |
ga | が | genitive and nominative | <gen> and <nom> |
nu | ぬ | genitive and nominative | <gen> and <nom> |
u | う | accusative 1 | <acc1> |
a | あ | accusative 2 | <acc2> |
du | どぅ | focus | <foc> |
n | ん | dative | <dat> |
ti | てぃ | quotative | <quot> |
nkai | んかい | allative 1 | <all1> |
nki | んき | allative 2 | <all2> |
taahii | たーひー | limitative | <lim> |
kara | から | ablative | <abl> |
hii | ひー | instrumental | <ins> |
tu | とぅ | comitative | <com> |
ncɨkyaa | んつきゃー | comparative | <comp> |
List of final particles [1]
Romaji | Hiragana | Function |
---|---|---|
doo | ||
i | い | |
na | な | Y/N question |
ga | が | Wh question |
da | だ | how about ~? |
Noun suffixes
Romaji | HIragana | Function | Tag | とぅい "bird" |
---|---|---|---|---|
gama | がま | Diminutive | <dim> | とぅいがま |
mmi | っみ | Plural 1 | <pl1> | |
ta | た | Plural 2 | <pl2> | |
nagi | なぎ | Approximative | <app> |
kya as pl3 in Pear Story but not in table
Note: in the Introduction to Ryukyuan PDF, っみ is listed as pl1 in the table of suffices, but then is glossed as pl2 in the pear story.
Noun compounding
Two nouns can be compounded together. An adjectival stem can be compounded with a noun.
Pronouns
Romaji | HIragana | Function | Tag | |
---|---|---|---|---|
ba | 1 Sg | <p1><sg> | ||
vva | っヴぁ | 2 Sg | <p2><sg> | |
ura | うら | 3 Sg inanimate | <p3><sg><nn> | |
kai | かい | 3 Sg animate | <p3><sg><aa> |
karaa he top and karuu he acc from the dictionary
Other things
Ikema does not have productive reduplication, unlike other Miyako dialects
use the cases for the postpositions and mod for sentence final particles