Miyako/Grammar

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Parts of Speech

Ikema has nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, and interjections. Also postpositions and final particles.

Grammar Points

List of postpositions

[1]

Romaji Hiragana Function Tag
a topic 1 <top1>
ga genitive and nominative <gen> and <nom>
nu genitive and nominative <gen> and <nom>
u accusative 1 <acc1>
a accusative 2 <acc2>
du どぅ focus <foc>
n dative <dat>
ti てぃ quotative <quot>
nkai んかい allative 1 <all1>
nki んき allative 2 <all2>
taahii たーひー limitative <lim>
kara から ablative <abl>
hii ひー instrumental <ins>
tu とぅ comitative <com>
ncɨkyaa んつきゃー comparative <comp>

List of final particles

[1]

Romaji Hiragana Function
doo
i
na Y/N question
ga Wh question
da how about ~?

Noun suffixes

[1]

Romaji HIragana Function Tag とぅい "bird"
gama がま Diminutive <dim> とぅい<n><dim> ↔ とぅいがま
mmi っみ Plural 1 <pl1>  
ta  た Plural 2 <pl2>
nagi  なぎ Approximative <app>

kya as pl3 in Pear Story but not in table

Note: in the Introduction to Ryukyuan PDF, っみ is listed as pl1 in the table of suffices, but then is glossed as pl2 in the pear story.

shimagama, ffagama, pushigama (island, child, star) hitummi and banammi (people and flowers) from the Russian one

Noun compounding

Two nouns can be compounded together. An adjectival stem can be compounded with a noun.

Pronouns

Romaji HIragana Function Tag
ba 1 Sg <p1><sg>
vva っヴぁ 2 Sg <p2><sg>  
ura うら 3 Sg inanimate <p3><sg><nn>
kai かい 3 Sg animate <p3><sg><aa>
banchaa ばんちゃー 1 Pl animate <p1><pl><aa>

karaa he top and karuu he acc from the dictionary

Other things

Ikema does not have productive reduplication, unlike other Miyako dialects

use the cases for the postpositions and mod for sentence final particles

Classifiers
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 http://lingdy.aacore.jp/jp/material/An_introduction_to_Ryukyuan_languages.pdf