Miyako/Universal Dependencies

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Evaluation

withmorph nomorph
LAS UAS LAS UAS Forms Sentences
Corpus 1 22.22% 22.22% 55.56% 77.78% 11
Corpus 2 5

Dependency Relations

advcl

A number of the sentences in the corpora I used for this assignment had subordinating clauses, many of which had きゃー (while) as the subordinating conjunction. ぞぅが (but) is another common one. That subordinating conjunction is dependent on the root of the main sentence.

  • Here is a sentence with this relation:
    むるうきゃー っみゃ やらびぬ っみゃ じてんしゃから っみゃ ってぃ っみゃ。
    gather-thm=acc=while dsc child=gen dsc bicycle=abl dsc come.cvb_abs dsc
    (I suspect this may be nom instead of gen.)
"<むるうきゃー>"
        "きゃー" cnjsub
                "むる" v acc @advcl #1->7
"<っみゃ>"
        "っみゃ" ij @discourse #2->7
"<やらびぬ>"
        "やらび" n gen @nsubj #3->7
"<っみゃ>"
        "っみゃ" ij @discourse #4->7
"<じてんしゃから>"
        "じてんしゃ" n abl @obl #5->7
"<っみゃ>"
        "っみゃ" ij @discourse #6->7
"<ってぃ>"
        "ってぃ" v cvb_abs @root #7->0
"<っみゃ>"
        "っみゃ" ij @discourse #8->7
"<。>"
        "。" sent @punct #9->7
  • Here is the relevant bit of another example:
    あい むるうきゃー やらびぬ じてんしゃから ってぃ
    this_way gather-thm=acc=while child=gen bicycle=abl come.cvb_abs
    (I have the same suspicion about gen and nom.)
"<あい>"
        "あい" adv @advmod #12->13
"<むるうきゃー>"
        "きゃー" cnjsub
                "むる" v acc @advcl #13->16
"<やらびぬ>"
        "やらび" n gen @nsubj #14->16
"<じてんしゃから>"
        "じてんしゃ" n abl @obl #15->16
"<ってぃ>"
        "ってぃ" v cvb_abs @root #16->0

aux

There are a handful of words which I am treating as auxiliary verbs. The two main examples are the continuous and the resultative.

  • An example with the continuous:
    やみ うい
    ache-thm.cvb cont.npst
"<やみ>"
        "やみ" v cvb_abs #4
"<うい>"
        "う" vaux @aux #5->4
  • An example with the resultative:
    ふぃー あいば
    give.cvb_abs res-csl
"<ふぃー>"
        "ふぃ" v cvb_abs @root #6->0
"<あいば>"
        "ば" vaux
                "あ" vaux @aux #7->6

discourse

There are a large number of words tagged as discourse markers and interjections in this corpus. These words are dependent on the root of the sentence.

  • Here is one example:
"<うらあ>"
        "うら" prn dem p3 sg nn top1 @obj #1->3
"<ひてぃったま>"
        "ったま" cl abs
                "ひてぃ" num @nmod #1->2
"<とぅいー>"
        "とぅい" v cvb_abs
"<ふぁうっちゃーんな>"
        "ふぁう" v cvb_sim top1
"<ふぅーきゃー>"
        "きゃー" cnjsub
                "ふぅ" v cvb_abs @root #5->0
"<っみゃ>"
        "っみゃ" ij @discourse #6->5
"<。>"
        "。" sent @punct #7->5
  • There is another example here:
"<なうがら>"
        "なうがら" ij @discourse #1->6
"<うぬ>"
        "うぬ" det dem @det #2->3
"<おじさんな>"
        "おじさん" n top1 @nsubj #3->4
"<っさんそぅが>"
        "そぅが" cnjsub
                "っさ" v neg
"<ぬっさ>"
        "ぬす" n top1 @nsubj #5->6
"<っさんそぅが>"
        "そぅが" cnjsub
                "っさ" v neg @root #6->0

obj

Direct objects are often marked with the accusative marker う in Miyako. However, in this corpus, there were a number of cases where I tagged a word as a direct object despite the use of a different particle, since that seemed to be how it was being used.

  • じてんしゃう くぎー is an example with the accusative marker.
"<じてんしゃう>"
          "じてんしゃ" n acc @obj #14->15
  "<くぎー>"
          "くず" v cvb_abs #15
  • This same combination of words also appears without the accusative marker.
"<じてんしゃ>"
         "じてんしゃ" n abs @obj #6->7
 "<くぎー>"
         "くず" v cvb_abs

nmod

This is the connection between a noun and another noun that is modifying it. That often happens with the genitive marker, but not always. Furthermore, I suspect that the genitive and nominative glosses were at times confused when the pear story was being glossed, as they can both be either が or ぬ, and there are instances where the gloss simply does not make sense. There are also multiple instances with number words.

  • An example with the genitive marker:
"<びきやらびぬ>"
        "びきやらび" n gen @nmod #2->3
"<みちゃーいや>"
        "ちゃーい" cl top1
                "みー" num @nsubj #3->4
  • Here is an example with a number word:
"<うらあ>"
        "うら" prn dem p3 sg nn top1 @obj #1->3
"<ひてぃったま>"
        "ったま" cl abs
                "ひてぃ" num @nmod #2->1