Difference between revisions of "Nuosu and Mandarin/Contrastive grammar"

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*: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho| ꑭꂱ{{tag|n}} ꌋꆀ{{tag|cnj}} ꋍ{{tag|prn}} ꐋꀨ{{tag|n}} ꈧꌠ{{tag|det}} ꑳꌠ{{tag|prn}} ꎹ{{tag|v}} ꆹ{{tag|part}}}}| 西蒙{{tag|n}} 和{{tag|cnj}} 他{{tag|prn}} 的{{tag|part}} 同伴{{tag|n}} 追赶{{tag|v}} 他{{tag|prn}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho| ꑭꂱ{{tag|n}} ꌋꆀ{{tag|cnj}} ꋍ{{tag|prn}} ꐋꀨ{{tag|n}} ꈧꌠ{{tag|det}} ꑳꌠ{{tag|prn}} ꎹ{{tag|v}} ꆹ{{tag|part}}}}| 西蒙{{tag|n}} 和{{tag|cnj}} 他{{tag|prn}} 的{{tag|part}} 同伴{{tag|n}} 追赶{{tag|v}} 他{{tag|prn}}
  
4. Mandarin use the quantifier "都dou" before or after noun phrase; Nuosu indicates exhaustion at the end of the sentence by the exhaustion particle.
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4. Except from the universal quantifier, Nuosu indicates exhaustion at the end of the sentence by the exhaustion particle .
* {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꉹꁌꉬꇮꆏꎷꐺꌐ。|每个人都在找你。}} (“Everyone is looking for you”)
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* {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꉹꁌꉬꇮꆏꎷꐺꌐ。|大家都在找你。}} (“Everyone is looking for you”)
*: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho| ꉹꁌ{{tag|prn}} ꌋꆀ{{tag|cnj}} {{tag|prn}} ꐋꀨ{{tag|n}} ꈧꌠ{{tag|det}} ꑳꌠ{{tag|prn}} ꎹ{{tag|v}} {{tag|part}}}}| 西蒙{{tag|n}} {{tag|cnj}} 他{{tag|prn}} 的{{tag|part}} 同伴{{tag|n}} 追赶{{tag|v}} {{tag|prn}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho| ꉹꁌ{{tag|prn}} ꉬꇮ{{tag|adv}} {{tag|prn}} {{tag|v}} {{tag|part}} {{tag|part}}}}| 大家{{tag|prn}} {{tag|adv}} {{tag|part}} {{tag|v}} {{tag|prn}}
  
  
  
 
[[category:sp22_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[category:Nuosu]]
 
[[category:sp22_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[category:Nuosu]]

Revision as of 20:21, 14 April 2022

Ten Sentences (in the Bible)

1. 圣灵驱使耶稣进入旷野。 ꌃꎔꒌꆹꑳꌠꋌꇤꅷꇈꈬꇉꃪꁧ。

2. 他们立刻丢下网,跟从了他。 ꋋꇅꃅꉛꐱꋍꑊꇵꇫꎭꇈꀕ, ꋍꊂꈹꁧꀐ。

3. 全城都聚集在门口。 ꇓꈓꋋꇬꊿꃅꇁꌊꀃꈈꁭꑭꏓꌐ。

4. 西蒙和他的同伴追赶他。 ꑭꂱꌋꆀꋍꐋꀨꈧꑳꌠꎹ。

5. 遇见他时,他对他说:“每个人都在找你。” ꑳꌠꋀꎹꊊꄮꇬꆏ, ꇬꏭ: “ ꉹꁌꉬꇮꆏꎷꐺꌐ” ꄷ。

6. 耶稣严厉地嘱咐他,打发他走了, ꑳꌠꏟꈯꀕꃅꇬꏭꉉꇈ, ꋌꑳꌠꇱꇤꅷꁧ,

7. 有几个文士坐在那里,心中嘀咕: ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ, ꋀꉌꃀꄸꈐꆏ:

8. “我告诉你,起来!拿你的床回家。” “ ꉢꅽꏯꉉ,ꄓꇁ!ꅽꈈꇉꏓꌊꀁꇬꁧꌶ” ꄷ。

9. 耶稣一再嘱咐他们不要透露他。 ꑳꌠꀱꇊꀱꃅꋀꏭꋍꅔꄡꀖꄷ。

10. 并赐给他们赶鬼的权柄。 ꉈꑴꑊꋌꈹꌅꈌꄻꋀꁳ。

Differences

1. Nuosu: S-O-V; Mandarin: S-V-O

  • (iii) ꑳꌠꏟꈯꀕꃅꇬꏭꉉꇈ → (zho) 耶稣严厉地嘱咐他 ("Jesus told him seriously")
    (iii) ꑳꌠ<n> ꈯꀕꃅ<adv><prn><vblex> ꉉꇈ<vblex> → (zho) {{{4}}}| 耶稣<np> 严厉地<adv> 嘱咐<vblex><prn>


2. Nuosu: Classifier occurs after nouns and verbs; Mandarin: Classifier occurs before nouns and verbs

  • (iii) ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ → (zho) 几个文士坐在那里 ("Some literates were there")
    (iii) ꁱꂷ<n> ꌤꃅꊿ<n><adv> ꑍꑹ<pr> ꀊꄶ<n><cl><vblex> → (zho) {{{4}}}| 几个<cl><n><n><vblex><pr> 那里<n>


3. Nuosu has explicit topic marker, whereas Mandarin doesn't.

  • (iii) ꑭꂱꌋꆀꋍꐋꀨꈧꑳꌠꎹ。 → (zho) 西蒙和他的同伴追赶他。 (“Simon and his friends chase him”)
    (iii) ꑭꂱ<n> ꌋꆀ<cnj><prn> ꐋꀨ<n> ꈧꌠ<det> ꑳꌠ<prn><v><part> → (zho) {{{4}}}| 西蒙<n><cnj><prn><part> 同伴<n> 追赶<v><prn>

4. Except from the universal quantifier, Nuosu indicates exhaustion at the end of the sentence by the exhaustion particle ꌐ.

  • (iii) ꉹꁌꉬꇮꆏꎷꐺꌐ。 → (zho) 大家都在找你。 (“Everyone is looking for you”)
    (iii) ꉹꁌ<prn> ꉬꇮ<adv><prn><v><part><part> → (zho) {{{4}}}| 大家<prn><adv><part><v><prn>