Difference between revisions of "Nuosu and Mandarin/Contrastive grammar"

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* {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ|几个文士坐在那里}} ("Some literates were there")
 
* {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ|几个文士坐在那里}} ("Some literates were there")
*: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho|ꁱꂷ{{tag|n}} ꌤꃅꊿ{{tag|n}} ꑠ{{tag|part}} {{tag|cl}} ꑍꑹ{{tag|pr}} ꀊꄶ{{tag|n}} ꇬ{{tag|pr}} ꑌ{{tag|vblex}}| 几个{{tag|cl}} 文{{tag|n}} 士{{tag|n}} 坐{{tag|vblex}} 在{{tag|pr}} 那里{{tag|n}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho|ꁱꂷ{{tag|n}} ꌤꃅꊿ{{tag|n}} ꑠ{{tag|part}} ꈍꑍ{{tag|adj}} {{tag|cl}} ꀊꄶ{{tag|n}} ꇬ{{tag|pr}} ꑌ{{tag|vblex}}| 几个{{tag|cl}} 文{{tag|n}} 士{{tag|n}} 坐{{tag|vblex}} 在{{tag|pr}} 那里{{tag|n}}}}
  
 
3. Nuosu has explicit topic marker, whereas Mandarin doesn't.
 
3. Nuosu has explicit topic marker, whereas Mandarin doesn't.

Revision as of 11:04, 21 April 2022

Ten Sentences (in the Bible)

1. 圣灵驱使耶稣进入旷野。 ꌃꎔꒌꆹꑳꌠꋌꇤꅷꇈꈬꇉꃪꁧ。

2. 他们立刻丢下网,跟从了他。 ꋋꇅꃅꉛꐱꋍꑊꇵꇫꎭꇈꀕ, ꋍꊂꈹꁧꀐ。

3. 全城都聚集在门口。 ꇓꈓꋋꇬꊿꃅꇁꌊꀃꈈꁭꑭꏓꌐ。

4. 西蒙和他的同伴追赶他。 ꑭꂱꌋꆀꋍꐋꀨꈧꑳꌠꎹ。

5. 遇见他时,他对他说:“每个人都在找你。” ꑳꌠꋀꎹꊊꄮꇬꆏ, ꇬꏭ: “ ꉹꁌꉬꇮꆏꎷꐺꌐ” ꄷ。

6. 耶稣严厉地嘱咐他,打发他走了, ꑳꌠꏟꈯꀕꃅꇬꏭꉉꇈ, ꋌꑳꌠꇱꇤꅷꁧ,

7. 有几个文士坐在那里,心中嘀咕: ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ, ꋀꉌꃀꄸꈐꆏ:

8. “我告诉你,起来!拿你的床回家。” “ ꉢꅽꏯꉉ,ꄓꇁ!ꅽꈈꇉꏓꌊꀁꇬꁧꌶ” ꄷ。

9. 耶稣一再嘱咐他们不要透露他。 ꑳꌠꀱꇊꀱꃅꋀꏭꋍꅔꄡꀖꄷ。

10. 并赐给他们赶鬼的权柄。 ꉈꑴꑊꋌꈹꌅꈌꄻꋀꁳ。

Differences

1. Nuosu: S-O-V; Mandarin: S-V-O

  • (iii) ꑳꌠꏟꈯꀕꃅꇬꏭꉉꇈ → (zho) 耶稣严厉地嘱咐他 ("Jesus told him seriously")
    (iii) ꑳꌠ<n> ꈯꀕꃅ<adv><prn><vblex> ꉉꇈ<vblex> → (zho) 耶稣<np> 严厉地<adv> 嘱咐<vblex><prn>

2. Nuosu: Classifier occurs after nouns and verbs; Mandarin: Classifier occurs before nouns and verbs

  • (iii) ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ → (zho) 几个文士坐在那里 ("Some literates were there")
    (iii) ꁱꂷ<n> ꌤꃅꊿ<n><part> ꈍꑍ<adj><cl> ꀊꄶ<n><pr><vblex> → (zho) 几个<cl><n><n><vblex><pr> 那里<n>

3. Nuosu has explicit topic marker, whereas Mandarin doesn't.

  • (iii) ꑭꂱꌋꆀꋍꐋꀨꈧꑳꌠꎹ。 → (zho) 西蒙和他的同伴追赶他。 (“Simon and his friends chase him”)
    (iii) ꑭꂱ<n> ꌋꆀ<cnj><prn> ꐋꀨ<n> ꈧꌠ<det> ꑳꌠ<prn><v><part> → (zho) 西蒙<n><cnj><prn><part> 同伴<n> 追赶<v><prn>

4. Except from the universal quantifier, Nuosu indicates exhaustion at the end of the sentence by the exhaustion particle ꌐ.

  • (iii) ꉹꁌꉬꇮꆏꎷꐺꌐ。 → (zho) 大家都在找你。 (“Everyone is looking for you”)
    (iii) ꉹꁌ<prn> ꉬꇮ<adv><prn><v><part><part> → (zho) 大家<prn><adv><part><v><prn>

5. Mandarin has adjective-specific marker, whereas Nuosu doesn't.

  • (iii) ꉈꑴꑊꋌꈹꌅꈌꄻꋀꁳ。 → (zho) 并赐给他们赶鬼的权柄。 (“Additionally, gave him the power to expel ghosts.”)
    (iii) ꉈꑴ<adv> ꑊꋌ<n><vblex> ꌅꈌ<n><vblex><prn> → (zho) 并<adv> 赐给<vblex> 他们<prn><vblex><n><part> 权柄<n>