Difference between revisions of "Nuosu and Mandarin/Contrastive grammar"
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* {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ|几个文士坐在那里}} ("Some literates were there") | * {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ|几个文士坐在那里}} ("Some literates were there") | ||
− | *: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho|ꁱꂷ{{tag|n}} ꌤꃅꊿ{{tag|n}} ꑠ{{tag|part}} | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho|ꁱꂷ{{tag|n}} ꌤꃅꊿ{{tag|n}} ꑠ{{tag|part}} ꈍꑍ{{tag|adj}} ꑹ{{tag|cl}} ꀊꄶ{{tag|n}} ꇬ{{tag|pr}} ꑌ{{tag|vblex}}| 几个{{tag|cl}} 文{{tag|n}} 士{{tag|n}} 坐{{tag|vblex}} 在{{tag|pr}} 那里{{tag|n}}}} |
3. Nuosu has explicit topic marker, whereas Mandarin doesn't. | 3. Nuosu has explicit topic marker, whereas Mandarin doesn't. |
Revision as of 11:04, 21 April 2022
Ten Sentences (in the Bible)
1. 圣灵驱使耶稣进入旷野。 ꌃꎔꒌꆹꑳꌠꋌꇤꅷꇈꈬꇉꃪꁧ。
2. 他们立刻丢下网,跟从了他。 ꋋꇅꃅꉛꐱꋍꑊꇵꇫꎭꇈꀕ, ꋍꊂꈹꁧꀐ。
3. 全城都聚集在门口。 ꇓꈓꋋꇬꊿꃅꇁꌊꀃꈈꁭꑭꏓꌐ。
4. 西蒙和他的同伴追赶他。 ꑭꂱꌋꆀꋍꐋꀨꈧꑳꌠꎹ。
5. 遇见他时,他对他说:“每个人都在找你。” ꑳꌠꋀꎹꊊꄮꇬꆏ, ꇬꏭ: “ ꉹꁌꉬꇮꆏꎷꐺꌐ” ꄷ。
6. 耶稣严厉地嘱咐他,打发他走了, ꑳꌠꏟꈯꀕꃅꇬꏭꉉꇈ, ꋌꑳꌠꇱꇤꅷꁧ,
7. 有几个文士坐在那里,心中嘀咕: ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ, ꋀꉌꃀꄸꈐꆏ:
8. “我告诉你,起来!拿你的床回家。” “ ꉢꅽꏯꉉ,ꄓꇁ!ꅽꈈꇉꏓꌊꀁꇬꁧꌶ” ꄷ。
9. 耶稣一再嘱咐他们不要透露他。 ꑳꌠꀱꇊꀱꃅꋀꏭꋍꅔꄡꀖꄷ。
10. 并赐给他们赶鬼的权柄。 ꉈꑴꑊꋌꈹꌅꈌꄻꋀꁳ。
Differences
1. Nuosu: S-O-V; Mandarin: S-V-O
- (iii) ꑳꌠꏟꈯꀕꃅꇬꏭꉉꇈ → (zho) 耶稣严厉地嘱咐他 ("Jesus told him seriously")
- (iii) ꑳꌠ<n> ꈯꀕꃅ<adv> ꇬ<prn> ꏭ<vblex> ꉉꇈ<vblex> → (zho) 耶稣<np> 严厉地<adv> 嘱咐<vblex> 他<prn>
2. Nuosu: Classifier occurs after nouns and verbs; Mandarin: Classifier occurs before nouns and verbs
- (iii) ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ → (zho) 几个文士坐在那里 ("Some literates were there")
- (iii) ꁱꂷ<n> ꌤꃅꊿ<n> ꑠ<part> ꈍꑍ<adj> ꑹ<cl> ꀊꄶ<n> ꇬ<pr> ꑌ<vblex> → (zho) 几个<cl> 文<n> 士<n> 坐<vblex> 在<pr> 那里<n>
3. Nuosu has explicit topic marker, whereas Mandarin doesn't.
- (iii) ꑭꂱꌋꆀꋍꐋꀨꈧꑳꌠꎹ。 → (zho) 西蒙和他的同伴追赶他。 (“Simon and his friends chase him”)
- (iii) ꑭꂱ<n> ꌋꆀ<cnj> ꋍ<prn> ꐋꀨ<n> ꈧꌠ<det> ꑳꌠ<prn> ꎹ<v> ꆹ<part> → (zho) 西蒙<n> 和<cnj> 他<prn> 的<part> 同伴<n> 追赶<v> 他<prn>
4. Except from the universal quantifier, Nuosu indicates exhaustion at the end of the sentence by the exhaustion particle ꌐ.
- (iii) ꉹꁌꉬꇮꆏꎷꐺꌐ。 → (zho) 大家都在找你。 (“Everyone is looking for you”)
- (iii) ꉹꁌ<prn> ꉬꇮ<adv> ꆏ<prn> ꎷ<v> ꐺ<part> ꌐ<part> → (zho) 大家<prn> 都<adv> 在<part> 找<v> 你<prn>
5. Mandarin has adjective-specific marker, whereas Nuosu doesn't.
- (iii) ꉈꑴꑊꋌꈹꌅꈌꄻꋀꁳ。 → (zho) 并赐给他们赶鬼的权柄。 (“Additionally, gave him the power to expel ghosts.”)
- (iii) ꉈꑴ<adv> ꑊꋌ<n> ꈹ<vblex> ꌅꈌ<n> ꄻ<vblex> ꋀ<prn> → (zho) 并<adv> 赐给<vblex> 他们<prn> 赶<vblex> 鬼<n> 的<part> 权柄<n>