Nuosu and Mandarin/Contrastive grammar

From LING073
Revision as of 19:58, 14 April 2022 by Ywang13 (talk | contribs) (Differences)

Jump to: navigation, search

Ten Sentences (in the Bible)

1. 圣灵驱使耶稣进入旷野。 ꌃꎔꒌꆹꑳꌠꋌꇤꅷꇈꈬꇉꃪꁧ。

2. 他们立刻丢下网,跟从了他。 ꋋꇅꃅꉛꐱꋍꑊꇵꇫꎭꇈꀕ, ꋍꊂꈹꁧꀐ。

3. 全城都聚集在门口。 ꇓꈓꋋꇬꊿꃅꇁꌊꀃꈈꁭꑭꏓꌐ。

4. 西蒙和他的同伴追赶他。 ꑭꂱꌋꆀꋍꐋꀨꈧꑳꌠꎹ。

5. 遇见他时,他对他说:“每个人都在找你。” ꑳꌠꋀꎹꊊꄮꇬꆏ, ꇬꏭ: “ ꉹꁌꉬꇮꆏꎷꐺꌐ” ꄷ。

6. 耶稣严厉地嘱咐他,打发他走了, ꑳꌠꏟꈯꀕꃅꇬꏭꉉꇈ, ꋌꑳꌠꇱꇤꅷꁧ,

7. 有几个文士坐在那里,心中嘀咕: ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ, ꋀꉌꃀꄸꈐꆏ:

8. “我告诉你,起来!拿你的床回家。” “ ꉢꅽꏯꉉ,ꄓꇁ!ꅽꈈꇉꏓꌊꀁꇬꁧꌶ” ꄷ。

9. 耶稣一再嘱咐他们不要透露他。 ꑳꌠꀱꇊꀱꃅꋀꏭꋍꅔꄡꀖꄷ。

10. 并赐给他们赶鬼的权柄。 ꉈꑴꑊꋌꈹꌅꈌꄻꋀꁳ。

Differences

1. Nuosu: S-O-V; Mandarin: S-V-O


2. Nuosu: Classifier occurs after nouns and verbs; Mandarin: Classifier occurs before nouns and verbs

Example: ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ

ꁱꂷ/bburma<n>$ ^ꌤꃅꊿ/sytmuco<n>$ ^ꑠ/xip<adv>/xip<dem>$ ^ꈍ/*ꈍ$ ^ꑍꑹ/nyipyuot<pr>$ ^ꀊꄶ/addit<n>$ ^ꇬ/go<vblex>/go<prn>/go<pr>/go<cl>$ ^ꑌ/nyi<vblex>/nyi<adj>$


3. Nuosu has explicit topic marker, whereas Mandarin doesn't.

  • (iii) ꑭꂱꌋꆀꋍꐋꀨꈧꑳꌠꎹ。 → (zho) 西蒙和他的同伴追赶他。 (“Simon and his friends chase him”)
    (iii) ꑭꂱ<n> ꌋꆀ<cnj><prn> ꐋꀨ<n> ꈧꌠ<det> ꑳꌠ<prn><v><part> → (zho) {{{4}}}| 西蒙<n><cnj><prn><part> 同伴<n> 追赶<v><prn>


The examples above using templates

Click to edit or view the source of this section to see how the transferTest and transferMorphText templates are structured.

  • (iii) ꑳꌠꏟꈯꀕꃅꇬꏭꉉꇈ → (zho) 耶稣严厉地嘱咐他 ("Jesus told him seriously")
    (iii) ꑳꌠ<n> ꈯꀕꃅ<adv><prn><vblex> ꉉꇈ<vblex> → (zho) {{{4}}}
  • (tur) yiyemeyeceğim → (eng) I won't be able to eat it
    (tur) ye<v><tv><abil><neg><fut>+i<cop><aor><p1><sg> → (eng) I<prn><pers><p1><sg><subj> will<vaux>+not<adv> be<v><iv><inf> able<adj> to<pr> eat<v><tv><inf> it<prn><pers><p3><nt><obj>