Okinawan and Miyako/Contrastive Grammar
From LING073
Differences between Okinawan and Miyako
- There are three locatives in Okinawan and one (which is also the dative) in Miyako.
- There are two allatives in Miyako and one in Okinawan.
- There is an associative in Okinawan but not in Miyako.
- Medial verbs appear frequently in Okinawan (indicating simultaneous or sequential verbs), but do not seem to appear in Ikema Miyako (though they do in Irabu).
- When discussing when things happen (e.g. I went when I was 10), Miyako has a couple of examples that have a word meaning time, but Okinawan does not seem to have anything equivalent.
ryu-mvi tests
- In Okinawan, there is something that can perhaps be considered a sentence-final particle. There is no equivalent in Miyako.
- (ryu) しぇんしぇいたあし いくん → (mvi) ならーすびーっみんかい いでぃい
- (ryu) しぇんしぇいたあし<n><pl><all> いくん<v><npst><sf> → (mvi) ならーすびーっみんかい<n><pl><all> いでぃい<v><npst>
- (ryu) しぇんしぇいたあし いくん → (mvi) ならーすびーっみんかい いでぃい
- There is an accusative in Miyako but not in Okinawan.
- (ryu) ぴいじゃあや んんじゃん → (mvi) ひんじゃうどぅ みーたい
- (ryu) ぴいじゃあや<n><foc> んんじゃん<v><pst><sf> → (mvi) ひんじゃうどぅ <n><acc><foc> みーたい<v><pst>
- (ryu) ぴいじゃあや んんじゃん → (mvi) ひんじゃうどぅ みーたい
- It seems that pronouns (in particular, second person singular) are dropped more often in Miyako than in Okinawan.
- (ryu) やあが かき → (mvi) かき
- (ryu) やあが<pprn><p2><sg><nom> かき<v><imp> → (mvi) かき<v><imp>
- (ryu) やあが かき → (mvi) かき
- In Okinawan, progressive is expressed with a suffix on the verb. In Miyako, a converb plus the continuous expresses the same idea.
- (ryu) あっきんじゃん → (mvi) あいきー ゆー
- (ryu) あっくん<v><prog><sf> → (mvi) あいきー <v><cvb_abs> ゆー<vaux>
- (ryu) あっきんじゃん → (mvi) あいきー ゆー
- In Miyako, adjectives must either be nominalized or attached to the front of a noun. In Okinawan, either an adverbializer or a verbializer is added to an adjective stem, depending on whether or not it is to be negated.
- (ryu) うりや たかはん → (mvi) うらあ たかだいむぬ
- (ryu) うりや<pprn><p3><sg><top> たかはん<adj><vz><sf> → (mvi) うらあ<pprn><p3><sg><top1> たかだいむぬ<adj><nz>
- (ryu) うりや たかはん → (mvi) うらあ たかだいむぬ
mvi-ryu tests
- (mvi) ならーすびーっみんかい いでぃい → (ryu) しぇんしぇいたあし いくん
- (mvi) ならーすびーっみんかい<n><pl><all> いでぃい<v><npst> → (ryu) しぇんしぇいたあし<n><pl><all> いくん<v><npst><sf>
- (mvi) ひんじゃうどぅ みーたい → (ryu) ぴいじゃあや んんじゃん
- (mvi) ひんじゃうどぅ <n><acc><foc> みーたい<v><pst> → (ryu) ぴいじゃあや<n><foc> んんじゃん<v><pst><sf>
- (mvi) かき → (ryu) やあが かき
- (mvi) かき<v><imp> → (ryu) やあが<pprn><p2><sg><nom> かき<v><imp>
- (mvi) あいきー ゆー → (ryu) あっきんじゃん
- (mvi) あいきー <v><cvb_abs> ゆー<vaux> → (ryu) あっくん<v><prog><sf>
- (mvi) うらあ たかだいむぬ → (ryu) うりや たかはん
- (mvi) うらあ<pprn><p3><sg><top1> たかだいむぬ<adj><nz> → (ryu) うりや<pprn><p3><sg><top> たかはん<adj><vz><sf>