Difference between revisions of "Tigrinya/Grammar"

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(add adjective transcriptions)
(adjective paradigms)
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Tigrinya adjectives take one of three declension forms - masculine, feminine, and plural - depending on the gender and number of the noun they modify.
 
Tigrinya adjectives take one of three declension forms - masculine, feminine, and plural - depending on the gender and number of the noun they modify.
  
** {{morphTest|ገዚፍ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ገዚፍ}} ([gɐzif] 'big' (m))
+
m [CVCiC] - f [CVCaC] - pl [CVCɐCti]
** {{morphTest|ገዚፍ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ገዛፍ}} ([gɐzaf] 'big' (f))
 
** {{morphTest|ገዚፍ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ስም}} ([gɐzɐfti] 'big' (pl))
 
  
** {{morphTest|ጽሙእ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጽሙእ}} ([s'ɨmuʔ] 'big' (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ገዛፍ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ገዚፍ}} ([gɐzif] big (m))
** {{morphTest|ጽሙእ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ጽምእቲ}} ([s'ɨmuʔti] 'big' (f))
+
** {{morphTest|ገዛፍ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ገዛፍ}} ([gɐzaf] big (f))
** {{morphTest|ጽሙእ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ጽሙኣት}} ([s'ɨmuʔat] 'big' (pl))
+
** {{morphTest|ገዛፍ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ገዘፍቲ}} ([gɐzɐfti] big (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ውዕይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ውዑይ}} ([wɨʕujɨ] hot (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ጸላም{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጸሊም}} ([sʼɐlim] black (m))
** {{morphTest|ውዕይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ውዕይቲ}} ([wɨʕɨjɨti] hot (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ጸላም{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ጸላም}} ([sʼɐlam] black (f))
** {{morphTest|ውዕይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ውዑያት}} ([wɨʕujatɨ] hot (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ጸላም{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ጸለምቲ}} ([sʼɐlɐmti] black (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ስብሕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ስቡሕ}} ([sɨbuħɨ] fat (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ዓባይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ዓብዪ}} ([ʕabji] great/old (m))
** {{morphTest|ስብሕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ስብሕቲ}} ([sɨbɨħɨti] fat (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ዓባይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ዓባይ}} ([ʕabaj] great/old (f))
** {{morphTest|ስብሕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ስቡሓት}} ([sɨbuħatɨ] fat (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ዓባይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ዓበይቲ}} ([ʕabɐjti] great/old (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ሕጉስ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሕጉስ}} ([ħɨgusɨ] happy (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ነዋሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ነዊሕ}} ([nɐwiħ] tall/long (m))
** {{morphTest|ሕጉስ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሕጉስ}} ([ħɨgusɨ] happy (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ነዋሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ነዋሕ}} ([nɐwaħ] tall/long (f))
** {{morphTest|ሕጉስ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሕጉሳት}} ([ħɨgusatɨ] happy (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ነዋሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ነዋሕቲ}} ([nɐwaħti] tall/long (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ንእሽቶ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ንእሽቶ}} ([nɨʔɨʃɨto] short (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ከባድ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ከቢድ}} ([kɐbid] heavy (m))
** {{morphTest|ንእሽቶ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ንእሽቶ}} ([nɨʔɨʃɨto] short (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ከባድ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ከባድ}} ([kɐbad] heavy (f))
** {{morphTest|ንእሽቶ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ናእሽቱ}} ([naʔɨʃɨtu] short (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ከባድ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ከበድቲ}} ([kɐbɐdti] heavy (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ለባም{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ለባም}} ([lɐbamɨ] wise (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ቀያሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ቀይሕ}} ([kʼɐjɨħ] red (m))
** {{morphTest|ለባም{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ለባም}} ([lɐbamɨ] wise (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ቀያሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ቀያሕ}} ([kʼɐjaħ] red (f))
** {{morphTest|ለባም{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ለባማት}} ([lɐbamatɨ] wise (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ቀያሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ቀያሕቲ}} ([kʼɐjaħti] red (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ጸላም{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጸሊም}} ([sʼɐlimɨ] black (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ረቃቕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ረቂቕ}} ([rɐkʼixʼ] thin (m))
** {{morphTest|ጸላም{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጸላም}} ([sʼɐlamɨ] black (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ረቃቕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ረቃቕ}} ([rɐkʼaxʼ] thin (f))
** {{morphTest|ጸላም{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጸለምቲ}} ([sʼɐlɐmɨti] black (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ረቃቕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ረቀቕቲ}} ([rɐkʼɐxʼti] thin (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ዓባይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ዓብዪ}} ([ʕabɨji] great/old (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ጸፋሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጸፊሕ}} ([sʼɐfiħ] flat (m))
** {{morphTest|ዓባይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ዓባይ}} ([ʕabajɨ] great/old (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ጸፋሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ጸፋሕ}} ([sʼɐfaħ] flat (f))
** {{morphTest|ዓባይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ዓበይቲ}} ([ʕabɐjɨti] great/old (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ጸፋሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ጸፋሕቲ}} ([sʼɐfaħti] flat (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ነዋሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ነዊሕ}} ([nɐwiħɨ] tall/long (m))
+
m [CɨCuC] - f [CɨCɨCti] - pl [CɨCuCat]
** {{morphTest|ነዋሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ነዋሕ}} ([nɐwaħɨ] tall/long (m))
 
** {{morphTest|ነዋሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ነዋሕቲ}} ([nɐwaħɨti] tall/long (m))
 
  
** {{morphTest|ምልእቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ምሉእ}} ([mɨluʔɨ] full (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ጽምእቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጽሙእ}} ([sʼɨmuʔ] thirsty (m))
** {{morphTest|ምልእቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ምልእቲ}} ([mɨlɨʔɨti] full (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ጽምእቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ጽምእቲ}} ([sʼɨmɨʔti] thirsty (f))
** {{morphTest|ምልእቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ምሉኣት}} ([mɨluʔatɨ] full (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ጽምእቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ጽሙኣት}} ([sʼɨmuʔat] thirsty (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ሃካይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሃካይ}} ([hakajɨ] lazy (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ውዕይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ውዑይ}} ([wɨʕuj] hot (m))
** {{morphTest|ሃካይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሃካይ}} ([hakajɨ] lazy (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ውዕይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ውዕይቲ}} ([wɨʕɨjti] hot (f))
** {{morphTest|ሃካይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ህኩያት}} ([hɨkujatɨ] lazy (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ውዕይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ውዑያት}} ([wɨʕujat] hot (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ጥዕይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጥዑይ}} ([tʼɨʕujɨ] healthy (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ስብሕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ስቡሕ}} ([sɨbuħ] fat (m))
** {{morphTest|ጥዕይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጥዕይቲ}} ([tʼɨʕɨjɨti] healthy (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ስብሕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ስብሕቲ}} ([sɨbɨħti] fat (f))
** {{morphTest|ጥዕይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጥዑያት}} ([tʼɨʕujatɨ] healthy (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ስብሕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ስቡሓት}} ([sɨbuħat] fat (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ሃብታም{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሃብታም}} ([habɨtamɨ] rich (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ምልእቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ምሉእ}} ([mɨluʔ] full (m))
** {{morphTest|ሃብታም{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሃብታም}} ([habɨtamɨ] rich (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ምልእቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ምልእቲ}} ([mɨlɨʔti] full (f))
** {{morphTest|ሃብታም{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሃብታማት}} ([habɨtamatɨ] rich (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ምልእቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ምሉኣት}} ([mɨluʔat] full (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ከባድ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ከቢድ}} ([kɐbidɨ] heavy (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ጥዕይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጥዑይ}} ([tʼɨʕuj] healthy (m))
** {{morphTest|ከባድ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ከባድ}} ([kɐbadɨ] heavy (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ጥዕይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ጥዕይቲ}} ([tʼɨʕɨjti] healthy (f))
** {{morphTest|ከባድ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ከበድቲ}} ([kɐbɐdɨti] heavy (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ጥዕይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ጥዑያት}} ([tʼɨʕujat] healthy (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ንፍዕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ንፉዕ}} ([nɨfuʕɨ] clever (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ንፍዕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ንፉዕ}} ([nɨfuʕ] clever (m))
** {{morphTest|ንፍዕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ንፍዕቲ}} ([nɨfɨʕɨti] clever (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ንፍዕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ንፍዕቲ}} ([nɨfɨʕti] clever (f))
** {{morphTest|ንፍዕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ንፉዓት}} ([nɨfuʕatɨ] clever (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ንፍዕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ንፉዓት}} ([nɨfuʕat] clever (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ጽብቕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጽቡቕ}} ([sʼɨbuxʼɨ] good (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ጽብቕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጽቡቕ}} ([sʼɨbuxʼ] good (m))
** {{morphTest|ጽብቕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጽብቕቲ}} ([sʼɨbɨxʼɨti] good (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ጽብቕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ጽብቕቲ}} ([sʼɨbɨxʼti] good (f))
** {{morphTest|ጽብቕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጽቡቓት}} ([sʼɨbuxʼatɨ] good (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ጽብቕቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ጽቡቓት}} ([sʼɨbuxʼat] good (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ቀያሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ቀይሕ}} ([kʼɐjɨħɨ] red (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ህድእቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ህዱእ}} ([hɨduʔ] calm/quiet (m))
** {{morphTest|ቀያሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ቀያሕ}} ([kʼɐjaħɨ] red (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ህድእቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ህድእቲ}} ([hɨdɨʔti] calm/quiet (f))
** {{morphTest|ቀያሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ቀያሕቲ}} ([kʼɐjaħɨti] red (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ህድእቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ህዱኣት}} ([hɨduʔat] calm/quiet (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ዓሻ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ዓሻ}} ([ʕaʃa] foolish (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ንጽርቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ንጹር}} ([nɨsʼur] clean (m))
** {{morphTest|ዓሻ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ዓሻ}} ([ʕaʃa] foolish (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ንጽርቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ንጽርቲ}} ([nɨsʼɨrti] clean (f))
** {{morphTest|ዓሻ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ዓያሹ}} ([ʕajaʃu] foolish (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ንጽርቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ንጹራት}} ([nɨsʼurat] clean (pl))
 +
 
 +
** {{morphTest|ሕምምቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሕሙም}} ([ħɨmum] sick (m))
 +
** {{morphTest|ሕምምቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ሕምምቲ}} ([ħɨmɨmti] sick (f))
 +
** {{morphTest|ሕምምቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ሕሙማት}} ([ħɨmumat] sick (pl))
 +
 
 +
** {{morphTest|ጥምይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጥሙይ}} ([tʼɨmuj] hungry (m))
 +
** {{morphTest|ጥምይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ጥምይቲ}} ([tʼɨmɨjti] hungry (f))
 +
** {{morphTest|ጥምይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ጥሙያት}} ([tʼɨmujat] hungry (pl))
 +
 
 +
m [CVCVC] - f [CVCVC] - pl [CVCVCat]
 +
 
 +
** {{morphTest|ሕጉስ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሕጉስ}} ([ħɨgus] happy (m))
 +
** {{morphTest|ሕጉስ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ሕጉስ}} ([ħɨgus] happy (f))
 +
** {{morphTest|ሕጉስ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ሕጉሳት}} ([ħɨgusat] happy (pl))
 +
 
 +
** {{morphTest|ለባም{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ለባም}} ([lɐbam] wise (m))
 +
** {{morphTest|ለባም{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ለባም}} ([lɐbam] wise (f))
 +
** {{morphTest|ለባም{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ለባማት}} ([lɐbamat] wise (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ህድእቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ህዱእ}} ([hɨduʔɨ] calm/quiet (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ሃካይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሃካይ}} ([hakaj] lazy (m))
** {{morphTest|ህድእቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ህድእቲ}} ([hɨdɨʔɨti] calm/quiet (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ሃካይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ሃካይ}} ([hakaj] lazy (f))
** {{morphTest|ህድእቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ህዱኣት}} ([hɨduʔatɨ] calm/quiet (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ሃካይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ህኩያት}} ([hɨkujat] lazy (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ንጽርቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ንጹር}} ([nɨsʼurɨ] clean (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ሃብታም{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሃብታም}} ([habtam] rich (m))
** {{morphTest|ንጽርቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ንጽርቲ}} ([nɨsʼɨrɨti] clean (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ሃብታም{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ሃብታም}} ([habtam] rich (f))
** {{morphTest|ንጽርቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ንጹራት}} ([nɨsʼuratɨ] clean (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ሃብታም{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ሃብታማት}} ([habtamat] rich (pl))
  
 
** {{morphTest|ዝሓላፈ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ዝሓለፈ}} ([zɨħalɐfɐ] late/previous (m))
 
** {{morphTest|ዝሓላፈ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ዝሓለፈ}} ([zɨħalɐfɐ] late/previous (m))
** {{morphTest|ዝሓላፈ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ዝሓላፈ}} ([zɨħalafɐ] late/previous (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ዝሓላፈ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ዝሓላፈ}} ([zɨħalafɐ] late/previous (f))
** {{morphTest|ዝሓላፈ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ዝሓለፋት}} ([zɨħalɐfatɨ] late/previous (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ዝሓላፈ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ዝሓለፋት}} ([zɨħalɐfat] late/previous (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ሕማቕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሕማቕ}} ([ħɨmaxʼɨ] bad (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ሕማቕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሕማቕ}} ([ħɨmaxʼ] bad (m))
** {{morphTest|ሕማቕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሕማቕ}} ([ħɨmaxʼɨ] bad (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ሕማቕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ሕማቕ}} ([ħɨmaxʼ] bad (f))
** {{morphTest|ሕማቕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሕማቓት}} ([ħɨmaxʼatɨ] bad (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ሕማቕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ሕማቓት}} ([ħɨmaxʼat] bad (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ረቃቕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ረቂቕ}} ([rɐkʼixʼɨ] thin (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ሓያል{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሓያል}} ([ħajal] strong (m))
** {{morphTest|ረቃቕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ረቃቕ}} ([rɐkʼaxʼɨ] thin (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ሓያል{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ሓያል}} ([ħajal] strong (f))
** {{morphTest|ረቃቕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ረቀቕቲ}} ([rɐkʼɐxʼɨti] thin (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ሓያል{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ሓያላት}} ([ħajalat] strong (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ሓያል{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሓያል}} ([ħajalɨ] strong (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ግናይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ግናይ}} ([gɨnaj] ugly (m))
** {{morphTest|ሓያል{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሓያል}} ([ħajalɨ] strong (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ግናይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ግናይ}} ([gɨnaj] ugly (f))
** {{morphTest|ሓያል{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሓያላት}} ([ħajalatɨ] strong (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ግናይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ግናያት}} ([gɨnajat] ugly (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ሕምምቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሕሙም}} ([ħɨmumɨ] sick (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ነዳይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ነዳይ}} ([nɐdaj] poor (m))
** {{morphTest|ሕምምቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሕምምቲ}} ([ħɨmɨmɨti] sick (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ነዳይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ነዳይ}} ([nɐdaj] poor (f))
** {{morphTest|ሕምምቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ሕሙማት}} ([ħɨmumatɨ] sick (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ነዳይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ነዳያት}} ([nɐdajat] poor (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ጥምይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጥሙይ}} ([tʼɨmujɨ] hungry (m))
+
something else
** {{morphTest|ጥምይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጥምይቲ}} ([tʼɨmɨjɨti] hungry (m))
 
** {{morphTest|ጥምይቲ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጥሙያት}} ([tʼɨmujatɨ] hungry (m))
 
  
** {{morphTest|ጸፋሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጸፊሕ}} ([sʼɐfiħɨ] flat (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ንእሽቶ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ንእሽቶ}} ([nɨʔɨʃto] short (m))
** {{morphTest|ጸፋሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጸፋሕ}} ([sʼɐfaħɨ] flat (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ንእሽቶ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ንእሽቶ}} ([nɨʔɨʃto] short (f))
** {{morphTest|ጸፋሕ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ጸፋሕቲ}} ([sʼɐfaħɨti] flat (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ንእሽቶ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ናእሽቱ}} ([naʔɨʃtu] short (pl))
  
** {{morphTest|ግናይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ግናይ}} ([gɨnajɨ] ugly (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ዓሻ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ዓሻ}} ([ʕaʃa] foolish (m))
** {{morphTest|ግናይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ግናይ}} ([gɨnajɨ] ugly (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ዓሻ{{tag|a}}{{tag|f}}|ዓሻ}} ([ʕaʃa] foolish (f))
** {{morphTest|ግናይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ግናያት}} ([gɨnajatɨ] ugly (m))
+
** {{morphTest|ዓሻ{{tag|a}}{{tag|pl}}|ዓያሹ}} ([ʕajaʃu] foolish (pl))
 
 
** {{morphTest|ነዳይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ነዳይ}} ([nɐdajɨ] poor (m))
 
** {{morphTest|ነዳይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ነዳይ}} ([nɐdajɨ] poor (m))
 
** {{morphTest|ነዳይ{{tag|a}}{{tag|m}}|ነዳያት}} ([nɐdajatɨ] poor (m))
 
  
 
[[Category:Grammar_documentation]]
 
[[Category:Grammar_documentation]]
 
[[Category:Tigrinya]]
 
[[Category:Tigrinya]]

Revision as of 13:22, 13 February 2018

Tigrinya plurals

Tigrinya optionally uses plural morphology, which either takes the form of a suffix or an irregular templatic alteration of the word.

Regular plurals

The primary plural marker is the suffix ታት [tat].

    • ከባቢ<n> ↔ ከባቢ ([kɐbabi] 'region')
    • ከባቢ<n><pl> ↔ ከባቢታት ([kɐbabitat] 'regions')

There is sometimes a vowel loss at the end of the stem triggered by the plural suffix.

    • ጻዕሪ<n> ↔ ጻዕሪ ([sʼaʕɨri] 'effort')
    • ጻዕሪ<n><pl> ↔ ጻዕርታት ([sʼaʕɨrtat] 'efforts')

Stems ending in a consonant are simply suffixed with [at].

    • ፈደል<n> ↔ ፈደል ([fɐdɐl] 'letter')
    • ፈደል<n><pl> ↔ ፈደላት ([fɐdɐlat] 'letters')

Irregular plurals

Like other Semitic languages, Tigrinya has a set of nouns with "broken" plural forms, created via templatic vowel alternations, usually over a three-consonant stem.

    • ስም<n> ↔ ስም ([sɨm] 'name')
    • ስም<n><pl> ↔ ኣስማት ([ʔasmat] 'names')
    • ወዲ<n> ↔ ወዲ ([wɐdi] 'boy')
    • ወዲ<n><pl> ↔ ኣወዳት ([awɐdat] 'boys')
    • መንበር<n> ↔ መንበር ([mɐnbɐr] 'chair')
    • መንበር<n><pl> ↔ መናብር ([mɐnabɨr] 'chairs')
    • ወኻርያ<n> ↔ ወኻርያ ([wɐxarja] 'fox')
    • ወኻርያ<n><pl> ↔ ወኻሩ ([wɐxaru] 'foxes')
    • ገመል<n> ↔ ገመል ([gɐmɐl] 'camel')
    • ገመል<n><pl> ↔ ኣግማል ([ʔagmal] 'camels')
    • ሰበኣይ<n> ↔ ሰበኣይ ([sɐbɐʔaj] 'man')
    • ሰበኣይ<n><pl> ↔ ሰብኡት ([sɐbʔut] 'men')

Adjective Declension

Tigrinya adjectives take one of three declension forms - masculine, feminine, and plural - depending on the gender and number of the noun they modify.

m [CVCiC] - f [CVCaC] - pl [CVCɐCti]

    • ገዛፍ<a><m> ↔ ገዚፍ ([gɐzif] big (m))
    • ገዛፍ<a><f> ↔ ገዛፍ ([gɐzaf] big (f))
    • ገዛፍ<a><pl> ↔ ገዘፍቲ ([gɐzɐfti] big (pl))
    • ጸላም<a><m> ↔ ጸሊም ([sʼɐlim] black (m))
    • ጸላም<a><f> ↔ ጸላም ([sʼɐlam] black (f))
    • ጸላም<a><pl> ↔ ጸለምቲ ([sʼɐlɐmti] black (pl))
    • ዓባይ<a><m> ↔ ዓብዪ ([ʕabji] great/old (m))
    • ዓባይ<a><f> ↔ ዓባይ ([ʕabaj] great/old (f))
    • ዓባይ<a><pl> ↔ ዓበይቲ ([ʕabɐjti] great/old (pl))
    • ነዋሕ<a><m> ↔ ነዊሕ ([nɐwiħ] tall/long (m))
    • ነዋሕ<a><f> ↔ ነዋሕ ([nɐwaħ] tall/long (f))
    • ነዋሕ<a><pl> ↔ ነዋሕቲ ([nɐwaħti] tall/long (pl))
    • ከባድ<a><m> ↔ ከቢድ ([kɐbid] heavy (m))
    • ከባድ<a><f> ↔ ከባድ ([kɐbad] heavy (f))
    • ከባድ<a><pl> ↔ ከበድቲ ([kɐbɐdti] heavy (pl))
    • ቀያሕ<a><m> ↔ ቀይሕ ([kʼɐjɨħ] red (m))
    • ቀያሕ<a><f> ↔ ቀያሕ ([kʼɐjaħ] red (f))
    • ቀያሕ<a><pl> ↔ ቀያሕቲ ([kʼɐjaħti] red (pl))
    • ረቃቕ<a><m> ↔ ረቂቕ ([rɐkʼixʼ] thin (m))
    • ረቃቕ<a><f> ↔ ረቃቕ ([rɐkʼaxʼ] thin (f))
    • ረቃቕ<a><pl> ↔ ረቀቕቲ ([rɐkʼɐxʼti] thin (pl))
    • ጸፋሕ<a><m> ↔ ጸፊሕ ([sʼɐfiħ] flat (m))
    • ጸፋሕ<a><f> ↔ ጸፋሕ ([sʼɐfaħ] flat (f))
    • ጸፋሕ<a><pl> ↔ ጸፋሕቲ ([sʼɐfaħti] flat (pl))

m [CɨCuC] - f [CɨCɨCti] - pl [CɨCuCat]

    • ጽምእቲ<a><m> ↔ ጽሙእ ([sʼɨmuʔ] thirsty (m))
    • ጽምእቲ<a><f> ↔ ጽምእቲ ([sʼɨmɨʔti] thirsty (f))
    • ጽምእቲ<a><pl> ↔ ጽሙኣት ([sʼɨmuʔat] thirsty (pl))
    • ውዕይቲ<a><m> ↔ ውዑይ ([wɨʕuj] hot (m))
    • ውዕይቲ<a><f> ↔ ውዕይቲ ([wɨʕɨjti] hot (f))
    • ውዕይቲ<a><pl> ↔ ውዑያት ([wɨʕujat] hot (pl))
    • ስብሕቲ<a><m> ↔ ስቡሕ ([sɨbuħ] fat (m))
    • ስብሕቲ<a><f> ↔ ስብሕቲ ([sɨbɨħti] fat (f))
    • ስብሕቲ<a><pl> ↔ ስቡሓት ([sɨbuħat] fat (pl))
    • ምልእቲ<a><m> ↔ ምሉእ ([mɨluʔ] full (m))
    • ምልእቲ<a><f> ↔ ምልእቲ ([mɨlɨʔti] full (f))
    • ምልእቲ<a><pl> ↔ ምሉኣት ([mɨluʔat] full (pl))
    • ጥዕይቲ<a><m> ↔ ጥዑይ ([tʼɨʕuj] healthy (m))
    • ጥዕይቲ<a><f> ↔ ጥዕይቲ ([tʼɨʕɨjti] healthy (f))
    • ጥዕይቲ<a><pl> ↔ ጥዑያት ([tʼɨʕujat] healthy (pl))
    • ንፍዕቲ<a><m> ↔ ንፉዕ ([nɨfuʕ] clever (m))
    • ንፍዕቲ<a><f> ↔ ንፍዕቲ ([nɨfɨʕti] clever (f))
    • ንፍዕቲ<a><pl> ↔ ንፉዓት ([nɨfuʕat] clever (pl))
    • ጽብቕቲ<a><m> ↔ ጽቡቕ ([sʼɨbuxʼ] good (m))
    • ጽብቕቲ<a><f> ↔ ጽብቕቲ ([sʼɨbɨxʼti] good (f))
    • ጽብቕቲ<a><pl> ↔ ጽቡቓት ([sʼɨbuxʼat] good (pl))
    • ህድእቲ<a><m> ↔ ህዱእ ([hɨduʔ] calm/quiet (m))
    • ህድእቲ<a><f> ↔ ህድእቲ ([hɨdɨʔti] calm/quiet (f))
    • ህድእቲ<a><pl> ↔ ህዱኣት ([hɨduʔat] calm/quiet (pl))
    • ንጽርቲ<a><m> ↔ ንጹር ([nɨsʼur] clean (m))
    • ንጽርቲ<a><f> ↔ ንጽርቲ ([nɨsʼɨrti] clean (f))
    • ንጽርቲ<a><pl> ↔ ንጹራት ([nɨsʼurat] clean (pl))
    • ሕምምቲ<a><m> ↔ ሕሙም ([ħɨmum] sick (m))
    • ሕምምቲ<a><f> ↔ ሕምምቲ ([ħɨmɨmti] sick (f))
    • ሕምምቲ<a><pl> ↔ ሕሙማት ([ħɨmumat] sick (pl))
    • ጥምይቲ<a><m> ↔ ጥሙይ ([tʼɨmuj] hungry (m))
    • ጥምይቲ<a><f> ↔ ጥምይቲ ([tʼɨmɨjti] hungry (f))
    • ጥምይቲ<a><pl> ↔ ጥሙያት ([tʼɨmujat] hungry (pl))

m [CVCVC] - f [CVCVC] - pl [CVCVCat]

    • ሕጉስ<a><m> ↔ ሕጉስ ([ħɨgus] happy (m))
    • ሕጉስ<a><f> ↔ ሕጉስ ([ħɨgus] happy (f))
    • ሕጉስ<a><pl> ↔ ሕጉሳት ([ħɨgusat] happy (pl))
    • ለባም<a><m> ↔ ለባም ([lɐbam] wise (m))
    • ለባም<a><f> ↔ ለባም ([lɐbam] wise (f))
    • ለባም<a><pl> ↔ ለባማት ([lɐbamat] wise (pl))
    • ሃካይ<a><m> ↔ ሃካይ ([hakaj] lazy (m))
    • ሃካይ<a><f> ↔ ሃካይ ([hakaj] lazy (f))
    • ሃካይ<a><pl> ↔ ህኩያት ([hɨkujat] lazy (pl))
    • ሃብታም<a><m> ↔ ሃብታም ([habtam] rich (m))
    • ሃብታም<a><f> ↔ ሃብታም ([habtam] rich (f))
    • ሃብታም<a><pl> ↔ ሃብታማት ([habtamat] rich (pl))
    • ዝሓላፈ<a><m> ↔ ዝሓለፈ ([zɨħalɐfɐ] late/previous (m))
    • ዝሓላፈ<a><f> ↔ ዝሓላፈ ([zɨħalafɐ] late/previous (f))
    • ዝሓላፈ<a><pl> ↔ ዝሓለፋት ([zɨħalɐfat] late/previous (pl))
    • ሕማቕ<a><m> ↔ ሕማቕ ([ħɨmaxʼ] bad (m))
    • ሕማቕ<a><f> ↔ ሕማቕ ([ħɨmaxʼ] bad (f))
    • ሕማቕ<a><pl> ↔ ሕማቓት ([ħɨmaxʼat] bad (pl))
    • ሓያል<a><m> ↔ ሓያል ([ħajal] strong (m))
    • ሓያል<a><f> ↔ ሓያል ([ħajal] strong (f))
    • ሓያል<a><pl> ↔ ሓያላት ([ħajalat] strong (pl))
    • ግናይ<a><m> ↔ ግናይ ([gɨnaj] ugly (m))
    • ግናይ<a><f> ↔ ግናይ ([gɨnaj] ugly (f))
    • ግናይ<a><pl> ↔ ግናያት ([gɨnajat] ugly (pl))
    • ነዳይ<a><m> ↔ ነዳይ ([nɐdaj] poor (m))
    • ነዳይ<a><f> ↔ ነዳይ ([nɐdaj] poor (f))
    • ነዳይ<a><pl> ↔ ነዳያት ([nɐdajat] poor (pl))

something else

    • ንእሽቶ<a><m> ↔ ንእሽቶ ([nɨʔɨʃto] short (m))
    • ንእሽቶ<a><f> ↔ ንእሽቶ ([nɨʔɨʃto] short (f))
    • ንእሽቶ<a><pl> ↔ ናእሽቱ ([naʔɨʃtu] short (pl))
    • ዓሻ<a><m> ↔ ዓሻ ([ʕaʃa] foolish (m))
    • ዓሻ<a><f> ↔ ዓሻ ([ʕaʃa] foolish (f))
    • ዓሻ<a><pl> ↔ ዓያሹ ([ʕajaʃu] foolish (pl))