Wôpanâak/Universal Dependencies

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Evaluation

UD Parser Evaluation
wam.withmorph.udpipe wam.nomorph.udpipe Number of forms Number of sentences
wam.annotated.ud.conllu UAS: 98.57%, LAS: 96.43% UAS: 88.57%, LAS: 88.57% 140 95
wam.annotated2.ud.conllu UAS: 43.75%, LAS: 23.96% UAS: 38.54%, LAS: 23.96% 96 25

The lower scores for the second corpus are expected because the first corpus, on which the parser was trained, is composed of extremely simple sentences from a grammar while the second corpus contains some more complex sentences from the Bible in addition to simple sentences.

Dependency Relations

nsubj

The nsubj relation is used to relate a noun that is the subject of a clause to the verb that heads the clause. In Wôpanâak, the nsubj relation occurs in any sentence with a subject expressed separately from a verb. This does not occur in every sentence, as sometimes subject information is carried entirely within the verb. Examples include:

  • "masq qaqeew": In this simple sentence meaning "The bear is running", "masq" has an nsubj relation with "qaqeew".
  • "ôk nȣwâw God weeqayach": In this clause meaning "So God says 'let there be light'", "God" has an nsubj relation with "nȣwâw".

obj

The obj relation relates a noun that is the object of a verb to the verb. In Wôpanâak, this relation is commonly used in sentences with transitive verbs, as long as the object is expressed as a separate word and not as a marking on the verb. Examples include:

  • "anum nâwâw masqah": This sentence means "The dog sees the bear". In it, "masq" has an obj relation with nâwâw.
  • "ayum God keesuq kah ahkee": In this clause meaning "God creates the sky and the earth", "keesuq" has an obj relation with "ayum".

obl

The obl relation is used to relate a noun that is a non-subject, non-object constituent of its clause to the head of the clause. In Wôpanâak, this relation is often used in sentences that express location or have nouns otherwise in the locative form. Examples include:

  • "nutaquneônus nȣshut": This sentence means "I am like my father". Since "aquneônus" is an intransitive verb, "nȣshut" is in the locative and has an obl relation with it.
  • "pôkeenum wôskeechee mȣnô": In this clause meaning "darkness was over the deep", "mȣnô" has an obl relation with "wôskeechee", the adverb acting as the head of the clause since the clause is copular.

discourse

The discourse relation is used to relate a word with a function relating to the discourse of a sentence (but otherwise lacking a role in the sentence) to the head of the sentence. In Wôpanâak it can be used to relate clause-beginning words like "kah" ("and") or "ôk" ("so") to the head of the clause. Examples include:

  • "nukees, kutahtawun.": This sentence means "Yes, you have it." The word "nukees" ("yes") is linked to the verb "kuhtahtawun" through the discourse relation.
  • "kah wutusôweetamun God weeqay keesuqôt": This means "And God called the light day". "Kah" is linked to "wutusôweetamun" with the discourse relation since it serves no purpose in the sentence other than to introduce the sentence.