Waray/Grammar
From LING073
Contents
Parts of Speech
Nouns
- estudyante<n> ↔ estudyante ("student")
- Amerikano<n> ↔ Amerikano ("American")
- Sangkay<n> ↔ sangkay ("friend")
- Lalake<n> ↔ lalake ("man")
- Babaye<n> ↔ babaye ("woman")
Personal Nouns
Class I (General)
- ako<prn><pers><p1><sg> ↔ ako ("I")
- ikaw<prn><pers><p2><sg> ↔ ikaw ("you")
- ikaw<prn><pers><p2><sg> ↔ ka ("you")
- hiya <prn><pers><p3><sg> ↔ hiya ("he/she")
- kita<prn><pers><p1><incl><pl> ↔ kita ("we (incl)")
- kami<prn><pers><p1><excl><pl> ↔ kami ("we (excl)")
- kamo<prn><pers><p2><pl> ↔ kamo ("you")
- hira<prn><pers><p3><pl> ↔ hira ("they")
Class II (Possessive)
- ako<prn><pers><p1><sg><poss> ↔ nakon ("my")
- ako<prn><pers><p1><sg><poss> ↔ ko ("my")
- ikaw<prn><pers><p2><sg><poss> ↔ nimo ("your")
- ikaw<prn><pers><p2><sg><poss> ↔ mo ("your")
- hiya<prn><pers><p3><sg><poss> ↔ niya ("his/her")
- kita<prn><pers><p1><incl><pl><poss> ↔ naton ("our (incl)")
- kami<prn><pers><p1><excl><pl><poss> ↔ namon ("our (excl)")
- kamo<prn><pers><p2><pl><poss> ↔ niyo ("your")
- hira<prn><pers><p3><pl><poss> ↔ nira ("their")
Class III (Oblique)
- ako<prn><pers><p1><sg><obl> ↔ akon ("me")
- ikaw<prn><pers><p2><sg><obl> ↔ imo ("you")
- hiya<prn><pers><p3><sg><obl> ↔ iya ("him/her")
- kita<prn><pers><p1><incl><pl><obl> ↔ aton ("us (incl)")
- kami<prn><pers><p1><excl><pl><obl> ↔ amon ("us (excl)")
- kamo<prn><pers><p2><pl><obl> ↔ iyo ("you")
- hira<prn><pers><p3><pl><obl> ↔ ira ("them")
Verbalizing Nouns
Nag
«nag»:
- tv<v><tv><past> ↔ nag-TV
- adobo<v><tv><pres> ↔ nagaadobo
- dyaket<v><tv><fut> ↔ magdyaket
Mag
«mag»:
- computer<v><tv><past> ↔ mag-computer
- kape<v><tv><pres> ↔ magkape
- guitar<v><tv><fut> ↔ mag-guitar
Pag
«pag»:
- piano <v><tv><past> ↔ pag-piano
- bus <v><tv><pres> ↔ pag-bus
Verbs
«dara» (To Bring) :
- dara<v><tv><past> ↔ nagdara
- dara<v><tv><pres> ↔ nagdadara
- dara<v><tv><futd> ↔ magdara
- dara<v><tv><imp> ↔ pagdara
«bantay» (To Guard) :
- bantay<v><tv><past> ↔ nagbantay
- bantay<v><tv><pres> ↔ nagbabantay
- bantay<v><tv><futd> ↔ magbantay
- bantay<v><tv><imp> ↔ pagbantay
«trabaho» (To Work) :
- trabaho<v><tv><past> ↔ nagtrabaho
- trabaho<v><tv><pres> ↔ nagtratrabaho
- trabaho<v><tv><futd> ↔ magtrabaho
- trabaho<v><tv><imp> ↔ pagtrabaho
«mando» (To Command) :
- mando<v><tv><past> ↔ nagmando
- mando<v><tv><pres> ↔ nagmamando
- mando<v><tv><futd> ↔ magmando
- mando<v><tv><imp> ↔ pagmando
«aram» (”To Learn”) :
- aram<v><tv><past> ↔ nagaram
- aram<v><tv><pres> ↔ nagaaram
- aram<v><tv><futd> ↔ magaram
- aram<v><tv><imp> ↔ pagaram
Possessions
- ni<prn><sg> ↔ ni ("of")
- nira<prn><pl> ↔ nira ("of")
- han/hin<prn><sg> ↔ han/hin ("of")
- han mga<prn><pl> ↔ han mga ("of")
Demonstrative Pronouns
demonstrative | meaning |
---|---|
ini | this |
iton | that |
adto | that over there |
demonstrative | meaning |
---|---|
hini | this |
hiton | that |
hadto | that over there |
demonstrative | meaning |
---|---|
dinhi | this |
dida | that |
didto | that over there |
Question Markers
- ka<pr> ↔ ka
- ba<part> ↔ ba
Negatives
- waray<vaux><past><neg> ↔ waray ("Not or No")
- waray<vaux><pres><neg> ↔ waray ("Not or No")
- diri<vaux><fut><neg> ↔ diri ("Not or No")
Beneficiary
- kan<prep><sg> ↔ kan
- ha<prep><sg> ↔ ha
- kan...ngan kan...<prep><pl> ↔ kan...ngan kan..
- han mga<prep><pl> ↔ han mga
- para<prep> ↔ para ("for")
- ngan <det><pl> ↔ ngan
- mga<det><pl> ↔ mga
Actions Completed/In Progress
- na/pa<vaux><past><pres> ↔ na/pa ("Not now or already")
- ka<pr><fut> ↔ ka ("Not yet")
We got this information from the source "Waray: A Major Language in the Philippines."