Lingala

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This page documents available resources for Lingala, both external and developed.

Developed Resources

Keyboard Layout

Information on a Lingala keyboard layout is available on both a wiki page and GitHub repository.

Corpus

A Lingala corpus is stored in a private GitHub repository.

Grammar Description

A wiki page details Lingala grammar and morphology.

Transducer

A Lingala transducer is available on Github, with additional information described on a wiki page

Disambiguation

Information on morphological disambiguation with the developed transducer is available on the following page: Lingala/Disambiguation.

Machine Translation

Information on a machine translation system between Lingala and Kikuyu is available on this wiki.

Universal Dependencies

Information on universal dependencies for Lingala is available on the following page: Lingala/Universal_Dependencies

External Resources

Computational Resources

  • A machine translation site is available here.
    • This takes Lingala text and provides word-by-word translation. It also has limited capabilities to translate English to Lingala.
    • License: Copyright Peter Van Hertum
  • A FireFox addon that works as a Lingala spell checker is available here.
    • From the description, "This spell checker recognizes over 100,000 Lingala words, including very general verb forms."
    • License: Created by Kevin Scannell. No License listed.
  • An online spellchecker is available here.
    • From the description: "Copy and paste the desired text message to the text field above, and then click the appropriate button. Another window will appear showing your own text message together with mistakes right now underlined with red."
    • License: ©1999-2017 SpellChecker.net, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
  • Some Lingala NLP tools under development are available for download here.
    • License: GNU General Public License version 2.0 (GPLv2)
    • Note that it appears to be some time since any changes have been made to this project. It is unclear what state it is in.
  • An online Lingala keyboard can be found here
    • License: © Gate2Home.com - Type in your language, anywhere. (© VirtualKeyboard 3.7.0.760)
  • A similar but slightly different Lingala keyboard can be found here.
    • No license found

Dictionaries/Phrasebooks/Glossaries

  • Felix Divuilu (2005). English-Lingala Lingala-English Dictionary. Congolese Voluntary Organisation.
    • License: "All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of The Congolese Voluntary Organisation or as expressly permitted by the law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographic rights organisation. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to The Congolese Voluntary Organisation at the address above."
    • This is a phrasebook / basic English-Lingala, Lingala-English dictionary.
    • A PDF is available at the address linked to above.
  • Malcolm Gusocietythrie and John F. Carrington (1988). Lingala: Grammar and Dictionary. Baptist Missionary
    • License: Most likely "All rights reserved," but would need to verify with a physical copy of the book
    • This is marketed as both a dictionary and a basic overview of Lingala grammar, but without access to the physical book, it is more difficult to determine its contents in any greater detail.
    • This should be available through ILL
  • See Redden and Bongo (1963) in the Grammatical Descriptions section. This resource contains both grammar and an extensive number of phrases.
  • Arizona M Baongoli (2006). Learn to Speak Lingala. Eldoret.
    • License: Most likely "All rights reserved," but would need to verify with a physical copy of the book
    • According to the table of contents, this contains an English/Lingala glossary, basic Lingala grammar, and a Lingala/English verbs list
    • This is available via E-ZBorrow. I requested the second edition (2009) on 21 January 2017

Grammatical Descriptions

  • Eyamba G. Bokamba (2012). A Polylectal Grammar of Lingála and Its Theoretical Implications. In Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference on African Linguistics.
    • License: © 2012 Eyamba G. Bokamba
    • This is a paper giving an overview of grammar in three Lingala dialects. It also includes an extensive list of referencs.
    • A PDF is available at the address linked to above.
  • Michael Meeuwis (1998). Lingala. München: LINCOM EUROPA.
    • License: Likely "All rights reserved," but need access to physical text to verify.
    • According to the Amazon description, "The present volume presents an overview of the phonological, tonological, and morphological characteristics of this language, and also includes a section on the main syntactic patterns, as well as a sample text with morphemic glosses and a translation."
    • This is available through E-ZBorrow, and I submitted a request for it on 21 January 2017.
  • James E Redden and F Bongo (1963). Lingala Basic Course. Department of State.
    • License: Not listed, perhaps "All rights reserved"
    • This contains basic grammar and also has an extensive number of Lingala phrases and their English translation.
    • A PDF is available at the address linked to above.
  • John D Odhner (1981). English-Lingala Manual. University Press of America.
    • License: Need access to physical book, but likely "All rights reserved"
    • Not able to find a complete table of contents online, but this appears to be a basic grammatical description of Lingala. It may also includes phrases.
    • This is available through E-ZBorrow, and I submitted a request for it on 21 January 2017
  • Michael Meeuwis (2010). A Grammatical Overview Of Lingala. Lincom.
    • License: All rights resered, but need access to physical book to verify
    • Standard Lingala grammar book
    • Submitted ILL request on 21 January 2017

Scientific Works

  • Lauri Karttunen. Computing with Realizational Morphology. CICLing 2003.
    • License not listed
    • This article discusses the concept of "Relizational Morphology" and illustrates an example of the idea using Lingala.
    • PDF download available at the link above

Corpora

  • See Meeuwis, 1998 in the grammar section. This book also contains a "sample text with morphemic glosses and a translation."
  • Kayo-Lampe and Michael Meeuwis (1999). 14 Lingala Poems. Gent.
    • License: Likely "All rights reserved," but need physical text to verify
    • This book is contains translations and annotations of 14 Lingala poems
    • According to WorldCat, the only copies available are in Europe. I submitted an ILL request, but was told no libraries were willing to lend it.
  • Arizona Banongoli (2011). Translation of Classic Lingala Songs. Congoman Publishers.
    • License: Likely "All rights reserved," but need physical text to verify
    • This book contains Lingala songs and their English translation
    • This is available through E-ZBorrow, and I submitted a request on 21 January 2017.
  • (2010). Buku Ya Molomoni. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
    • License: "© 2004 o Intellectual Reserve, Inc"
    • This is a Lingala translation of the Book of Mormon
    • A PDF is available at think link given above
  • See Michael Meeuwis (2013) in the grammar section. It also includes a transcription of an interview with annotation. I believe the excerpted gloss is available here.
  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (with tones)
    • License: © 1996 – 2009 The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
    • This is a Lingala translation of the universal declaration of human rights
  • Lingala language Wikipedia available here.
    • License: See here for a complete explanation of Wikipedia licenses
    • Full text available at the link provided