Urum and English/Contrastive Grammar
Contents
External resources
Transducer Links
Language Pair Repository
(UUM ‣ ENG) Contrastive Grammar Evaluation
I fixed spaces and addressed comments about some grammar points -Avykliu1
Jonathan, I see your comments. Thank you for the feedback! I cannot work on addressing this right now (2 days left of finals), so perhaps I will revisit these corrections later during another academic year. Otherwise: hello to anyone viewing our wiki! -Scasada1
Example 1 (Verb Pronoun Marking)
In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to choose an English pronoun based on the person/number tags of the verb in Urum.
- (uum) алйым → (eng) I find
- (uum) ал<v><tv><pres><p1><sg> → (eng) I<prn><subj><p1><m><sg> find<vblex><pres>
- (uum) алйых → (eng) we find
- (uum) ал<v><tv><pres><p1><pl> → (eng) we<prn><subj><p1><mf><pl> find<vblex><pres>
- (uum) алый → (eng) he finds
- (uum) ал<v><tv><pres><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><subj><p3><m><sg> find<vblex><pres>
- (uum) алыйлар → (eng) they find
- (uum) ал<v><tv><pres><p3><pl> → (eng) they<prn><subj><p3><mf><pl> find<vblex><pres>
Example 2 (Verb Past-Tense)
There are spaces missing between the analyses. Also, I'm not sure this is a real grammar point, since the tag just gets copied? If it isn't, see if you can get one more grammar point. -JNW
In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to extract the past-tense tags/markers.
- (uum) булду → (eng) he found
- (uum) бул<v><tv><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> find<vblex><past>
- (uum) алды → (eng) he stayed
- (uum) ал<v><tv><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> stay<vblex><past>
- (uum) кӧрдӱ → (eng) he saw
- (uum) кӧр<v><tv><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> see<vblex><past>
- (uum) хойду → (eng) he put
- (uum) хой<v><tv><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> put<vblex><past>
Example 3 (Verb Negativity)
In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to extract the negativity (in conjunction with past from the previous examples).
- (uum) булмады → (eng) he did not find
- (uum) бул<v><tv><neg><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> did<vblex><past> not<adv> find<vblex><pres>
- (uum) алмады → (eng) he did not stay
- (uum) ал<v><tv><neg><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> did<vblex><past> not<adv> stay<vblex><pres>
- (uum) кӧрмеди → (eng) he did not see
- (uum) кӧр<v><tv><neg><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> did<vblex><past> not<adv> see<vblex><pres>
- (uum) хоймады → (eng) he did not put
- (uum) хой<v><tv><neg><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> did<vblex><past> not<adv> put<vblex><pres>
Example 4 (Ablative Case)
Missing spaces as above. The description doesn't match the phenomenon. -JNW
In Urum, nouns are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to choose a preposition ("from") if the noun is in Ablative case.
- (uum) кӧктэн → (eng) from sky
- (uum) кӧк<n><abl> → (eng) from<pr> sky<n><sg>
- (uum) базардан → (eng) from market
- (uum) базар<n><abl> → (eng) from<pr> market<n><sg>
- (uum) завоттан → (eng) from factory
- (uum) завот<n><abl> → (eng) from<pr> factory<n><sg>
- (uum) кӧйдэн → (eng) from village
- (uum) кӧй<n><abl> → (eng) from<pr> village<n><sg>
Example 5 (Locative Case)
Missing spaces as above. The description doesn't match the phenomenon. -JNW
In Urum, nouns are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to create a preposition ("in", "on" or "at") if the noun is in Locative case.
- (uum) бахчыда → (eng) in sky
- (uum) бахчы<n><loc> → (eng) in<pr> sky<n><sg>
- (uum) базарда → (eng) at market
- (uum) базар<n><loc> → (eng) at<pr> market<n><sg>
- (uum) бахчыда → (eng) at factory
- (uum) завот<n><loc> → (eng) at<pr> factory<n><sg>
- (uum) кӧйдэ → (eng) at village
- (uum) кӧй<n><loc> → (eng) at<pr> village<n><sg>