User:Tjones5/Language selection

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Warlpiri

Morphological typology

Warlpiri has a large class of “preverbs” that create verbs with very specific meanings, while there are only a few hundred verb roots. [1] However, Warlpiri nouns are assembled from thousands of roots. There are also auxiliary words, which identify tense and give other details. [2] From this information, it seems like verbs in the language use discrete particles for inflection and are thus synthetic and agglutinative, while nouns show evidence of an analytic language.

Basic Information

  • ISO: [wbp] [3]
  • Warlpiri is a language spoken in Northern Australia by about 2,510 speakers. [4] It’s one of the largest aboriginal languages in Australia, but it has no official status in the Australia and is endangered. [5] Most Warlpiri-speakers are bilingual, with English as their second language, although many also speak other native languages, including indigenous sign language. [6] Some children and young adults speak “Light Warlpiri”, which combines Warlpiri, Australian English, and Australian Aboriginal Kriol. [7]
  • Orthography: Warlpiri uses the Latin alphabet. It has 18 consonant and 6 vowel phonemes. [8]

Language Data Availability

Very likely: I’ve been able to find multiple Warlpiri documents, including the following bible: [1] I've also found the following sample text: [2]


Lakota

Morphological typology

There are two kinds of verb inflection types: "one set of morphemes indicates the person and number of the subject of active verbs, while the other set of morphemes agrees with the object of transitive action verbs or the subject of stative verbs". [9] Most morphemes are prefixes, but there are also suffixes and infixes. [10] Thus Lakota seems to be an agglutinative synthetic language.

Basic Information

  • ISO: [lkt] [11]
  • Lakota is spoken by 2,000 people in the US, and this number is increasing. [12] Speakers primarily reside in Nebraska, the Dakotas, Standing Rock reservation, and other places in Northern Central USA. [13] Despite the fact that its number of speakers is increasing, it's classified as a threatened language. There are teaching programs in place to preserve the language. [14]
  • Orthography: Lakota uses the Latin alphabet. It has 30 consonant and 9 vowel phonemes. [15]

Language Data Availability

Likely; I've been able to find this version of a Lakota bible, posted on this blog: [3]


Nivkh

Morphological typology

Nivkh is an agglutinative synthetic language, with a case system but no grammatical gender. There is a high degree of incorporation between words; for example, spatial relationship morphemes are incorporated into the noun to which they are related. [16]

Basic Information

  • ISO: [niv] [17]
  • Nivkh, otherwise known as Gilyak, is spoken by about 200 people in Eastern Russia (Outer Manchuria). It is seriously endangered, spoken mainly by older adults and not younger speakers. Speakers of Nivkh also use Russain. It's taught through second grade in some regions.[18]
  • Orthography: Nivkh uses Cyrillic script or the Latin alphabet. It has 31 consonant and 12 vowel phonemes. [19]

Language Data Availability

Likely; I've been able to find this version of a Nivkh bible: [4]


References

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warlpiri_language/
  2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warlpiri_language/
  3. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/wbp/
  4. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/wbp/
  5. http://aboutworldlanguages.com/Warlpiri/
  6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warlpiri_language/
  7. http://aboutworldlanguages.com/Warlpiri/
  8. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/wbp/
  9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota_language#Morphology/
  10. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota_language#Morphology/
  11. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lkt/
  12. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lkt/
  13. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lkt/
  14. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lkt/
  15. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lkt/
  16. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivkh_language/
  17. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/niv/
  18. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/niv/
  19. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/niv/