Warlpiri/Universal Dependencies
From LING073
Contents
Evaluation
Corpora
Number of sentences | Number of forms | |
wbp.annotated.ud.conllu
|
34 | 353 |
wbp.annotated2.ud.conllu
|
8 | 74 |
Withmorph
Results from using wbp.withmorph.udpipe
on the two conllu files:
UAS | LAS | |
wbp.annotated.ud.conllu
|
93.75% | 88.12% |
wbp.annotated2.ud.conllu
|
48.72% | 28.21% |
Nomorph
Results from using wbp.nomorph.udpipe
on the two conllu files:
UAS | LAS | |
wbp.annotated.ud.conllu
|
71.25% | 65.00% |
wbp.annotated2.ud.conllu
|
35.90% | 23.08% |
Dependency Relations
aux
- An auxiliary is a defined as a "function word associated with a verbal predicate that expresses categories such as tense, mood, aspect, voice or evidentiality" ([1]). In Warlpiri, auxiliaries are used in every sentence, and they carry suffixes that signify tense and the number/person of subjects and objects.
- Yani karna ngajulu ("I'm going") is glossed as:
go + aux (present + I) + I
- Yani kanpa nyuntulu ("You're going") is glossed as:
go + aux (present + you) + you
nsubj
- A nominal subject is a "nominal which is the syntactic subject and the proto-agent of a clause" ([2]). In Warlpiri, the subject is often but not always included as its own word -- for example, pronouns are often omitted.
- Yani karna ngajulu ("I'm going"):
go + (present + I) + nsubj (I)
- Yani ka ("He/she/it's going"):
go + present
obj
- An object of a verb is usually "the noun phrase that denotes the entity acted upon or which undergoes a change of state or motion (the proto-patient)" ([3]). In Warlpiri, this noun is typically in the absolutive case when a transitive verb is used.
- Nyanyi kanpa wawirri ("You can see a kangaroo"):
see + (present + you) + obj (kangaroo)
- Nyanyi kangku wawirrirli nyuntulu ("The kangaroo can see you"):
see + (present + you) + kangaroo (ergative) + obj (you)
iobj
- An indirect object of a verb is "any nominal phrase that is a core argument of the verb but is not its subject or (direct) object" ([4]). In Warlpiri, the dative case is used.
- Nangala-rlu rla yungu pipa Jangala-ku. ("Nangala gave the book to Jangala").
Nangala + (dative subj3sg) + give + book + iobj (Jangala).
- Karnta-patu-rlu-lu-jana kurdu-kurdu miyi yinyi. ("The women gave the food to the children")
women + (past + subj3pl obj3pl) + iobj (children) + food + give
obl
- "The obl relation is used for a nominal (noun, pronoun, noun phrase) functioning as a non-core (oblique) argument or adjunct" ([5]). In Warlpiri, the ergative case is used when an instrument is being used to perform a task. The allative case is used when an action is being performed into another object.
- Jakamarra-rlu ka Jupurrula luwarni karli-kirlirli ("Jakamarra is hitting Jupurrula with a boomerang").
Jakamarra + pres + Jupurrula + hit + obl (boomerang + ergative)
- Wakati ka-rnalu lurlurl-pi-nyi parraja-kurra ngurlu. ("We shake the seeds of the pigweed into a coolamon.")
pigweed + present (subj1plexcl) + shake + obl (coolamon + allative) + seeds