Warlpiri/Universal Dependencies

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Evaluation

Corpora

Information
Number of sentences Number of forms
wbp.annotated.ud.conllu 34 353
wbp.annotated2.ud.conllu 8 74

Withmorph

Results from using wbp.withmorph.udpipe on the two conllu files:

Results
UAS LAS
wbp.annotated.ud.conllu 93.75% 88.12%
wbp.annotated2.ud.conllu 48.72% 28.21%

Nomorph

Results from using wbp.nomorph.udpipe on the two conllu files:

Results
UAS LAS
wbp.annotated.ud.conllu 71.25% 65.00%
wbp.annotated2.ud.conllu 35.90% 23.08%

Dependency Relations

aux

  • An auxiliary is a defined as a "function word associated with a verbal predicate that expresses categories such as tense, mood, aspect, voice or evidentiality" ([1]). In Warlpiri, auxiliaries are used in every sentence, and they carry suffixes that signify tense and the number/person of subjects and objects.
  • Yani karna ngajulu ("I'm going") is glossed as:
 go + aux (present + I) + I
  • Yani kanpa nyuntulu ("You're going") is glossed as:
 go + aux (present + you) + you

nsubj

  • A nominal subject is a "nominal which is the syntactic subject and the proto-agent of a clause" ([2]). In Warlpiri, the subject is often but not always included as its own word -- for example, pronouns are often omitted.
  • Yani karna ngajulu ("I'm going"):
 go + (present + I) + nsubj (I)
  • Yani ka ("He/she/it's going"):
 go + present

obj

  • An object of a verb is usually "the noun phrase that denotes the entity acted upon or which undergoes a change of state or motion (the proto-patient)" ([3]). In Warlpiri, this noun is typically in the absolutive case when a transitive verb is used.
  • Nyanyi kanpa wawirri ("You can see a kangaroo"):
 see + (present + you) + obj (kangaroo)
  • Nyanyi kangku wawirrirli nyuntulu ("The kangaroo can see you"):
 see + (present + you) + kangaroo (ergative) + obj (you)

iobj

  • An indirect object of a verb is "any nominal phrase that is a core argument of the verb but is not its subject or (direct) object" ([4]). In Warlpiri, the dative case is used.
  • Nangala-rlu rla yungu pipa Jangala-ku. ("Nangala gave the book to Jangala").
Nangala + (dative subj3sg) + give + book + iobj (Jangala).
  • Karnta-patu-rlu-lu-jana kurdu-kurdu miyi yinyi. ("The women gave the food to the children")
women + (past + subj3pl obj3pl) + iobj (children) + food + give

obl

  • "The obl relation is used for a nominal (noun, pronoun, noun phrase) functioning as a non-core (oblique) argument or adjunct" ([5]). In Warlpiri, the ergative case is used when an instrument is being used to perform a task. The allative case is used when an action is being performed into another object.
  • Jakamarra-rlu ka Jupurrula luwarni karli-kirlirli ("Jakamarra is hitting Jupurrula with a boomerang").
Jakamarra + pres + Jupurrula + hit + obl (boomerang + ergative)
  • Wakati ka-rnalu lurlurl-pi-nyi parraja-kurra ngurlu. ("We shake the seeds of the pigweed into a coolamon.")
pigweed + present (subj1plexcl) + shake + obl (coolamon + allative) + seeds