Difference between revisions of "Siberian Yupik/Grammar"

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== Morphophonemics ==
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=== Stem Termination Patterns ===
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*Stem ending in a single prime vowel (any other than e)
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**{{morphTest|nuna{{tag|n}}|-land}}
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**{{morphTest|pana{{tag|n}}|-spear}}
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**{{morphTest|siku{{tag|n}}|-ice}}
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**{{morphTest|qiya{{tag|v}}|-to cry}}
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**{{morphTest|ifla{{tag|v}}|-to lose or be lost}}
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*Stems ending in two prime vowels
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**{{morphTest|puu{{tag|n}}|-handle}}
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**{{morphTest|kii{{tag|n}}|-wound}}
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**{{morphTest|avii{{tag|v}}|-for one's ears to ring}}
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**{{morphTest|aghnau{{tag|v}}|-to be a woman}}
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*Stems ending with e not preceded by t
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**{{morphTest|nege{{tag|n}}|-food}}
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**{{morphTest|tume{{tag|n}}|-footprint}}
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**{{morphTest|neghe{{tag|v}}|-to eat}}
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**{{morphTest|kuuve{{tag|v}}|-to spill}}
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*Stems ending in te
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**{{morphTest|yughaghte{{tag|n}}|-preacher}}
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**{{morphTest|riigte{{tag|n}}|-den}}
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**{{morphTest|ingaghte{{tag|v}}|-to lie down}}
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*Stems ending in weak gh
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**{{morphTest|qayagh{{tag|n}}|-kayak}}
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**{{morphTest|aghnagh{{tag|n}}|-woman}}
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**{{morphTest|qikmigh{{tag|n}}|-dog}}
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**No verbs
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*Stems ending in strong fricative
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**{{morphTest|savig{{tag|n}}|-knife}}
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**{{morphTest|kiiw{{tag|n}}|-river}}
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**{{morphTest|ategh{{tag|n}}|-bone}}
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**All verbs ending with fricatives are strong fricatives
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**{{morphTest|gavagh{{tag|v}}|-to sleep}}
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**{{morphTest|mayugh{{tag|v}}|-to climb}}
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=== Adding Ø ending to nouns ===
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Ø ending changes noun stem into common form used for naming
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*e# → a
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**{{morphTest|nege{{tag|n}}|nega}} -food
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**{{morphTest|riigte{{tag|n}}|riigta}} -den
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**{{morphTest|sigute{{tag|n}}|siguta}} -ear
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*gh# → q
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**{{morphTest|qayagh{{tag|n}}|qayaq}} -kayak
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*g# → k
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**{{morphTest|ungag{{tag|n}}|ungak}} -whisker
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*w# → kw
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**{{morphTest|kiiw{{tag|n}}|kiikw}} -river
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*ghw# → qw
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**{{morphTest|qiighw{{tag|n}}|qiiqw}} -grey hair
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*Prime vowel at end of stem remains the same
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[[Category:Siberian Yupik]]
 
[[Category:Siberian Yupik]]
 
[[Category:sp22_GrammarDocumentation]]
 
[[Category:sp22_GrammarDocumentation]]

Revision as of 14:45, 15 February 2022

Morphophonemics

Stem Termination Patterns

  • Stem ending in a single prime vowel (any other than e)
    • nuna<n> ↔ -land
    • pana<n> ↔ -spear
    • siku<n> ↔ -ice
    • qiya<v> ↔ -to cry
    • ifla<v> ↔ -to lose or be lost
  • Stems ending in two prime vowels
    • puu<n> ↔ -handle
    • kii<n> ↔ -wound
    • avii<v> ↔ -for one's ears to ring
    • aghnau<v> ↔ -to be a woman
  • Stems ending with e not preceded by t
    • nege<n> ↔ -food
    • tume<n> ↔ -footprint
    • neghe<v> ↔ -to eat
    • kuuve<v> ↔ -to spill
  • Stems ending in te
    • yughaghte<n> ↔ -preacher
    • riigte<n> ↔ -den
    • ingaghte<v> ↔ -to lie down
  • Stems ending in weak gh
    • qayagh<n> ↔ -kayak
    • aghnagh<n> ↔ -woman
    • qikmigh<n> ↔ -dog
    • No verbs
  • Stems ending in strong fricative
    • savig<n> ↔ -knife
    • kiiw<n> ↔ -river
    • ategh<n> ↔ -bone
    • All verbs ending with fricatives are strong fricatives
    • gavagh<v> ↔ -to sleep
    • mayugh<v> ↔ -to climb

Adding Ø ending to nouns

Ø ending changes noun stem into common form used for naming

  • e# → a
    • nege<n> ↔ nega -food
    • riigte<n> ↔ riigta -den
    • sigute<n> ↔ siguta -ear
  • gh# → q
    • qayagh<n> ↔ qayaq -kayak
  • g# → k
    • ungag<n> ↔ ungak -whisker
  • w# → kw
    • kiiw<n> ↔ kiikw -river
  • ghw# → qw
    • qiighw<n> ↔ qiiqw -grey hair
  • Prime vowel at end of stem remains the same
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