Difference between revisions of "Siberian Yupik/Grammar"

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(→‎Adding Ø ending to nouns)
(→‎Stem Termination Patterns)
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=== Stem Termination Patterns ===
 
=== Stem Termination Patterns ===
 
{{comment|I don't understand what these are exactly.  Also, you seem to be saying that an analysis like 'nuna{{tag|n}}' maps to an English form like '-land', which probably needs to expressed differently. -JNW}}
 
{{comment|I don't understand what these are exactly.  Also, you seem to be saying that an analysis like 'nuna{{tag|n}}' maps to an English form like '-land', which probably needs to expressed differently. -JNW}}
 +
This is for my reference, these are the possible ways that stems can end and will be useful in determining what suffixes can be added to a stem.
 
*Stem ending in a single prime vowel (any other than e)
 
*Stem ending in a single prime vowel (any other than e)
−
**{{morphTest|nuna{{tag|n}}|-land}}
+
**nuna{{tag|n}} - land
−
**{{morphTest|pana{{tag|n}}|-spear}}
+
**{pana{{tag|n}} - spear
−
**{{morphTest|siku{{tag|n}}|-ice}}
+
**siku{{tag|n}} - ice
−
**{{morphTest|qiya{{tag|v}}|-to cry}}
+
**qiya{{tag|v}} - to cry
−
**{{morphTest|ifla{{tag|v}}|-to lose or be lost}}
+
**ifla{{tag|v}} - to lose or be lost
  
 
*Stems ending in two prime vowels
 
*Stems ending in two prime vowels
−
**{{morphTest|puu{{tag|n}}|-handle}}
+
**puu{{tag|n}} - handle
−
**{{morphTest|kii{{tag|n}}|-wound}}
+
**kii{{tag|n}} - wound
−
**{{morphTest|avii{{tag|v}}|-for one's ears to ring}}
+
**avii{{tag|v}} - for one's ears to ring
−
**{{morphTest|aghnau{{tag|v}}|-to be a woman}}
+
**aghnau{{tag|v}} - to be a woman
  
 
*Stems ending with e not preceded by t
 
*Stems ending with e not preceded by t
−
**{{morphTest|nege{{tag|n}}|-food}}
+
**nege{{tag|n}} - food
−
**{{morphTest|tume{{tag|n}}|-footprint}}
+
**tume{{tag|n}} - footprint
−
**{{morphTest|neghe{{tag|v}}|-to eat}}
+
**neghe{{tag|v}} - to eat
−
**{{morphTest|kuuve{{tag|v}}|-to spill}}
+
**kuuve{{tag|v}} - to spill
  
 
*Stems ending in te
 
*Stems ending in te
−
**{{morphTest|yughaghte{{tag|n}}|-preacher}}
+
**yughaghte{{tag|n}} - preacher
−
**{{morphTest|riigte{{tag|n}}|-den}}
+
**riigte{{tag|n}} - den
−
**{{morphTest|ingaghte{{tag|v}}|-to lie down}}
+
**ingaghte{{tag|v}} - to lie down
  
 
*Stems ending in weak gh
 
*Stems ending in weak gh
−
**{{morphTest|qayagh{{tag|n}}|-kayak}}
+
**qayagh{{tag|n}} - kayak
−
**{{morphTest|aghnagh{{tag|n}}|-woman}}
+
**aghnagh{{tag|n}} - woman
−
**{{morphTest|qikmigh{{tag|n}}|-dog}}
+
**qikmigh{{tag|n}} - dog
 
**No verbs
 
**No verbs
  
 
*Stems ending in strong fricative
 
*Stems ending in strong fricative
−
**{{morphTest|savig{{tag|n}}|-knife}}
+
**savig{{tag|n}} - knife
−
**{{morphTest|kiiw{{tag|n}}|-river}}
+
**kiiw{{tag|n}} - river
−
**{{morphTest|ategh{{tag|n}}|-bone}}
+
**ategh{{tag|n}} - bone
 
**All verbs ending with fricatives are strong fricatives
 
**All verbs ending with fricatives are strong fricatives
−
**{{morphTest|gavagh{{tag|v}}|-to sleep}}
+
**gavagh{{tag|v}} - to sleep
−
**{{morphTest|mayugh{{tag|v}}|-to climb}}
+
**mayugh{{tag|v}} - to climb
  
 
=== Adding Ø ending to nouns ===
 
=== Adding Ø ending to nouns ===

Revision as of 02:16, 17 February 2022

Morphophonemics

Stem Termination Patterns

I don't understand what these are exactly. Also, you seem to be saying that an analysis like 'nuna<n>' maps to an English form like '-land', which probably needs to expressed differently. -JNW

This is for my reference, these are the possible ways that stems can end and will be useful in determining what suffixes can be added to a stem.

  • Stem ending in a single prime vowel (any other than e)
    • nuna<n> - land
    • {pana<n> - spear
    • siku<n> - ice
    • qiya<v> - to cry
    • ifla<v> - to lose or be lost
  • Stems ending in two prime vowels
    • puu<n> - handle
    • kii<n> - wound
    • avii<v> - for one's ears to ring
    • aghnau<v> - to be a woman
  • Stems ending with e not preceded by t
    • nege<n> - food
    • tume<n> - footprint
    • neghe<v> - to eat
    • kuuve<v> - to spill
  • Stems ending in te
    • yughaghte<n> - preacher
    • riigte<n> - den
    • ingaghte<v> - to lie down
  • Stems ending in weak gh
    • qayagh<n> - kayak
    • aghnagh<n> - woman
    • qikmigh<n> - dog
    • No verbs
  • Stems ending in strong fricative
    • savig<n> - knife
    • kiiw<n> - river
    • ategh<n> - bone
    • All verbs ending with fricatives are strong fricatives
    • gavagh<v> - to sleep
    • mayugh<v> - to climb

Adding Ø ending to nouns

So what is the morphological function of this? I think you probably need to come up with a tag to distinguish e.g. 'nege' from 'nega'; it's not very useful if they both have the same analysis nege<n>. -JNW

Ø ending changes noun stem into common form used for naming, I couldn't find a good tag for this, so I am using <np> the proper noun tag for this.

  • e# → a
    • nege<n><np> ↔ nega -food
    • riigte<n><np> ↔ riigta -den
    • sigute<n><np> ↔ siguta -ear
  • gh# → q
    • qayagh<n><np> ↔ qayaq -kayak
  • g# → k
    • ungag<n><np> ↔ ungak -whisker
  • w# → kw
    • kiiw<n><np> ↔ kiikw -river
  • ghw# → qw
    • qiighw<n><np> ↔ qiiqw -grey hair
  • Prime vowel at end of stem remains the same
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