Difference between revisions of "Urum and English/Contrastive Grammar"

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== Developed Resources ==
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== External resources ==
  
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* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Urum/Grammar Urum Apertium Translation] ([https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp23/ling073-uum.git Source Code])
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'''Transducer Links'''
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* [https://github.com/apertium/apertium-eng English Transducer, Apertium] ([https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp23/ling073-uum Source Code])
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* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Urum_and_English Urum Transducer, LING073] ([https://github.com/scasada/apertium-eng.git Source Code])
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'''Language Pair Repository'''
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* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Urum_and_English Urum and English Translation Pairs] ([https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp23/ling073-uum-eng.git Source Code])
  
 
== (UUM ‣ ENG) Contrastive Grammar Evaluation ==
 
== (UUM ‣ ENG) Contrastive Grammar Evaluation ==
  
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Using the ten sentences with all stems translated from the lexical transfer assignment, identify at least five differences between the two languages, trying to cover a range of phenomena (e.g., don't make everything about nouns).
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{{comment|I fixed spaces and addressed comments about some grammar points -Avykliu1}}
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{{comment|Jonathan, I see your comments. Thank you for the feedback! I cannot work on addressing this right now (2 days left of finals), so perhaps I will revisit these corrections later during another academic year. Otherwise: hello to anyone viewing our wiki! -Scasada1}}
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=== Example 1 (Verb Pronoun Marking) ===
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In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to choose an English pronoun based on the person/number tags of the verb in Urum.
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|алйым|I find}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|алйых|we find}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}|we{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|алый|he finds}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|алыйлар|they find}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}|they{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
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=== Example 2 (Verb Past-Tense) ===
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{{comment|There are spaces missing between the analyses. Also, I'm not sure this is a real grammar point, since the tag just gets copied?  If it isn't, see if you can get one more grammar point. -JNW}}
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In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to extract the past-tense tags/markers.
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|булду|he found}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|бул{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|алды|he stayed}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} stay{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|кӧрдӱ|he saw}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|кӧр{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|хойду|he put}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|хой{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} put{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}
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=== Example 3 (Verb Negativity) ===
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In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to extract the negativity (in conjunction with past from the previous examples).  
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|булмады|he did not find}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|бул{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} did{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} not{{tag|adv}} find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|алмады|he did not stay}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} did{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} not{{tag|adv}} stay{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|кӧрмеди|he did not see}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|кӧр{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} did{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} not{{tag|adv}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
  
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=== Example 1 (Definiteness Marker) ===
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|хоймады|he did not put}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|хой{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} did{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} not{{tag|adv}} put{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
  
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In Sorani Kurdish, definiteness is marked by a suffix at the end of a noun instead of a separate determiner.
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=== Example 4 (Ablative Case) ===
  
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|پیاوەکە|the man}}
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{{comment|Missing spaces as above. The description doesn't match the phenomenon. -JNW}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|پیاو{{tag|n}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sg}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 
  
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* {{transferTest|ckb|eng|پیاوێک|a man}}
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In Urum, nouns are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to choose a preposition ("from") if the noun is in Ablative case.
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*: {{transferMorphTest|ckb|eng|پیاو{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}}|a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 
  
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* {{transferTest|ckb|eng|سەگەکان|the dogs}}
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|кӧктэн|from sky}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|ckb|eng|سەگ{{tag|n}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|pl}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} dog{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|кӧк{{tag|n}}{{tag|abl}}|from{{tag|pr}} sky{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
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* {{transferTest|ckb|eng|سەگێک|a dog}}
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|базардан|from market}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|ckb|eng|سەگ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}}|a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sp}} dog{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|базар{{tag|n}}{{tag|abl}}|from{{tag|pr}} market{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
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=== Example 2 ===
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|завоттан|from factory}}
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...
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|завот{{tag|n}}{{tag|abl}}|from{{tag|pr}} factory{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
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=== Example 3 ===
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|кӧйдэн|from village}}
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...
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|кӧй{{tag|n}}{{tag|abl}}|from{{tag|pr}} village{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
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=== Example 4 ===
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=== Example 5 (Locative Case) ===
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...
 
  
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=== Example 5 ===
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{{comment|Missing spaces as above. The description doesn't match the phenomenon. -JNW}}
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...
 
  
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In Urum, nouns are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to create a preposition ("in", "on" or "at") if the noun is in Locative case.
  
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These can be anything where the analyses of equivalent phrases look different when the roots are ignored: i.e., differences in tags used (will appear as # in full pipeline output), differences in basic word order, etc. It can also be where a word is added (e.g., adding a definite article in English where one doesn't occur in another language) or where a tag determines a new word (e.g., a negative morpheme on a verb being realised as "not" in English).
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|бахчыда|in sky}}
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Document these differences on the wiki.
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|бахчы{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}} sky{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
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You'll want on the order of two or three examples of each grammatical difference.
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|базарда|at market}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|базар{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|at{{tag|pr}} market{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
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Make a section on the Contrastive Grammar page for "xyz-abc tests"
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|бахчыда|at factory}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|завот{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|at{{tag|pr}} factory{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
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If you're doing two-way translation (i.e., you've joined forces with another group and each half of the group is working on a separate direction), then also add a section called "abc-xyz tests". In this case, each section will have equivalent tests, but in opposite directions.
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* {{transferTest|uum|eng|кӧйдэ|at village}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|кӧй{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|at{{tag|pr}} village{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
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Use the TransferMorphTest and TransferTest templates. For each example, use both templates. The use of these templates is demonstrated above and on the Transfer rules page. You'll scrape the content of these templates into a file later for testing, so make sure to use them correctly!
 
  
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== (UUM ‣ ENG) Translation Evaluation ==
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[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars]][[Category:Urum]][[Category:English]]
  
  
 
[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category:Urum]] [[Category:English]]
 
[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category:Urum]] [[Category:English]]

Latest revision as of 20:13, 11 May 2023

External resources

Transducer Links

Language Pair Repository

(UUM ‣ ENG) Contrastive Grammar Evaluation

I fixed spaces and addressed comments about some grammar points -Avykliu1


Jonathan, I see your comments. Thank you for the feedback! I cannot work on addressing this right now (2 days left of finals), so perhaps I will revisit these corrections later during another academic year. Otherwise: hello to anyone viewing our wiki! -Scasada1

Example 1 (Verb Pronoun Marking)

In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to choose an English pronoun based on the person/number tags of the verb in Urum.

  • (uum) алйым → (eng) I find
    (uum) ал<v><tv><pres><p1><sg> → (eng) I<prn><subj><p1><m><sg> find<vblex><pres>
  • (uum) алйых → (eng) we find
    (uum) ал<v><tv><pres><p1><pl> → (eng) we<prn><subj><p1><mf><pl> find<vblex><pres>
  • (uum) алый → (eng) he finds
    (uum) ал<v><tv><pres><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><subj><p3><m><sg> find<vblex><pres>
  • (uum) алыйлар → (eng) they find
    (uum) ал<v><tv><pres><p3><pl> → (eng) they<prn><subj><p3><mf><pl> find<vblex><pres>

Example 2 (Verb Past-Tense)

There are spaces missing between the analyses. Also, I'm not sure this is a real grammar point, since the tag just gets copied? If it isn't, see if you can get one more grammar point. -JNW

In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to extract the past-tense tags/markers.

  • (uum) булду → (eng) he found
    (uum) бул<v><tv><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> find<vblex><past>
  • (uum) алды → (eng) he stayed
    (uum) ал<v><tv><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> stay<vblex><past>
  • (uum) кӧрдӱ → (eng) he saw
    (uum) кӧр<v><tv><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> see<vblex><past>
  • (uum) хойду → (eng) he put
    (uum) хой<v><tv><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> put<vblex><past>

Example 3 (Verb Negativity)

In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to extract the negativity (in conjunction with past from the previous examples).

  • (uum) булмады → (eng) he did not find
    (uum) бул<v><tv><neg><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> did<vblex><past> not<adv> find<vblex><pres>
  • (uum) алмады → (eng) he did not stay
    (uum) ал<v><tv><neg><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> did<vblex><past> not<adv> stay<vblex><pres>
  • (uum) кӧрмеди → (eng) he did not see
    (uum) кӧр<v><tv><neg><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> did<vblex><past> not<adv> see<vblex><pres>
  • (uum) хоймады → (eng) he did not put
    (uum) хой<v><tv><neg><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> did<vblex><past> not<adv> put<vblex><pres>

Example 4 (Ablative Case)

Missing spaces as above. The description doesn't match the phenomenon. -JNW

In Urum, nouns are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to choose a preposition ("from") if the noun is in Ablative case.

  • (uum) кӧктэн → (eng) from sky
    (uum) кӧк<n><abl> → (eng) from<pr> sky<n><sg>
  • (uum) базардан → (eng) from market
    (uum) базар<n><abl> → (eng) from<pr> market<n><sg>
  • (uum) завоттан → (eng) from factory
    (uum) завот<n><abl> → (eng) from<pr> factory<n><sg>
  • (uum) кӧйдэн → (eng) from village
    (uum) кӧй<n><abl> → (eng) from<pr> village<n><sg>

Example 5 (Locative Case)

Missing spaces as above. The description doesn't match the phenomenon. -JNW

In Urum, nouns are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to create a preposition ("in", "on" or "at") if the noun is in Locative case.

  • (uum) бахчыда → (eng) in sky
    (uum) бахчы<n><loc> → (eng) in<pr> sky<n><sg>
  • (uum) базарда → (eng) at market
    (uum) базар<n><loc> → (eng) at<pr> market<n><sg>
  • (uum) бахчыда → (eng) at factory
    (uum) завот<n><loc> → (eng) at<pr> factory<n><sg>
  • (uum) кӧйдэ → (eng) at village
    (uum) кӧй<n><loc> → (eng) at<pr> village<n><sg>
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