Difference between revisions of "Urum and English/Contrastive Grammar"

From LING073
Jump to: navigation, search
(→‎Example 5 (Locative Case))
 
(22 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 10: Line 10:
 
== (UUM ‣ ENG) Contrastive Grammar Evaluation ==
 
== (UUM ‣ ENG) Contrastive Grammar Evaluation ==
  
−
Using the ten sentences with all stems translated from the lexical transfer assignment, identify at least five differences between the two languages, trying to cover a range of phenomena (e.g., don't make everything about nouns).
+
{{comment|I fixed spaces and addressed comments about some grammar points -Avykliu1}}
 +
 
 +
 
 +
{{comment|Jonathan, I see your comments. Thank you for the feedback! I cannot work on addressing this right now (2 days left of finals), so perhaps I will revisit these corrections later during another academic year. Otherwise: hello to anyone viewing our wiki! -Scasada1}}
  
 
=== Example 1 (Verb Pronoun Marking) ===
 
=== Example 1 (Verb Pronoun Marking) ===
  
−
In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to create a pronoun from the case of the verb.  
+
In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to choose an English pronoun based on the person/number tags of the verb in Urum.  
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(I) find}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|алйым|I find}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(we) find}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|алйых|we find}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}|we{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}}find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}|we{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(he) finds}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|алый|he finds}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(they) find}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|алыйлар|they find}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}|they{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}}find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}|they{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
  
 
=== Example 2 (Verb Past-Tense) ===
 
=== Example 2 (Verb Past-Tense) ===
 +
 +
{{comment|There are spaces missing between the analyses.  Also, I'm not sure this is a real grammar point, since the tag just gets copied?  If it isn't, see if you can get one more grammar point. -JNW}}
  
 
In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to extract the past-tense tags/markers.  
 
In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to extract the past-tense tags/markers.  
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(he) found}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|булду|he found}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|булду{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|бул{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(he) stayed}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|алды|he stayed}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|алды{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}stay{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} stay{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(he) saw}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|кӧрдӱ|he saw}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|кӧрдӱ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|кӧр{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(he) put}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|хойду|he put}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|хойду{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}put{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|хой{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} put{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}
  
 
=== Example 3 (Verb Negativity) ===
 
=== Example 3 (Verb Negativity) ===
Line 48: Line 53:
 
In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to extract the negativity (in conjunction with past from the previous examples).  
 
In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to extract the negativity (in conjunction with past from the previous examples).  
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(he) did not find}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|булмады|he did not find}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|булмады{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}did{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}not{{tag|adv}} find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|бул{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} did{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} not{{tag|adv}} find{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(he) did not stay}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|алмады|he did not stay}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|алмады{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}did{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}not{{tag|adv}} stay{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|ал{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} did{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} not{{tag|adv}} stay{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(he) did not see}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|кӧрмеди|he did not see}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|кӧрмеди{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}did{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}not{{tag|adv}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|кӧр{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} did{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} not{{tag|adv}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(he) did not put}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|хоймады|he did not put}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|хоймады{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}did{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}not{{tag|adv}} put{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|хой{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} did{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} not{{tag|adv}} put{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}
  
 
=== Example 4 (Ablative Case) ===
 
=== Example 4 (Ablative Case) ===
  
−
In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to create a preposition from the case of the verb.  
+
{{comment|Missing spaces as above. The description doesn't match the phenomenon. -JNW}}
 +
 
 +
In Urum, nouns are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to choose a preposition ("from") if the noun is in Ablative case.
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(from) sky}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|кӧктэн|from sky}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|кӧк{{tag|n}}{{tag|abl}}|from{{tag|pr}}sky{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|кӧк{{tag|n}}{{tag|abl}}|from{{tag|pr}} sky{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(from) market}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|базардан|from market}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|базар{{tag|n}}{{tag|abl}}|from{{tag|pr}}market{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|базар{{tag|n}}{{tag|abl}}|from{{tag|pr}} market{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(from) factory}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|завоттан|from factory}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|завот{{tag|n}}{{tag|abl}}|from{{tag|pr}}factory{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|завот{{tag|n}}{{tag|abl}}|from{{tag|pr}} factory{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(from) village}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|кӧйдэн|from village}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|кӧй{{tag|n}}{{tag|abl}}|from{{tag|pr}}village{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|кӧй{{tag|n}}{{tag|abl}}|from{{tag|pr}} village{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
 
=== Example 5 (Locative Case) ===
 
=== Example 5 (Locative Case) ===
  
−
In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to create a preposition from the case of the verb.  
+
{{comment|Missing spaces as above. The description doesn't match the phenomenon. -JNW}}
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(at) garden}}
+
In Urum, nouns are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to create a preposition ("in", "on" or "at") if the noun is in Locative case.
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|бахчы{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}}sky{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(at) market}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|бахчыда|in sky}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|базар{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|at{{tag|pr}}market{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|бахчы{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}} sky{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(at) factory}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|базарда|at market}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|завот{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|at{{tag|pr}}factory{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|базар{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|at{{tag|pr}} market{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
−
* {{transferTest|uum|eng||(at) village}}
+
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|бахчыда|at factory}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|кӧй{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|at{{tag|pr}}village{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|завот{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|at{{tag|pr}} factory{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 +
 
 +
* {{transferTest|uum|eng|кӧйдэ|at village}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|uum|eng|кӧй{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|at{{tag|pr}} village{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
  
 
[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars]][[Category:Urum]][[Category:English]]
 
[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars]][[Category:Urum]][[Category:English]]
−
 
−
== (UUM ‣ ENG) Translation Evaluation ==
 
  
  
 
[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category:Urum]] [[Category:English]]
 
[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category:Urum]] [[Category:English]]

Latest revision as of 20:13, 11 May 2023

External resources

Transducer Links

Language Pair Repository

(UUM ‣ ENG) Contrastive Grammar Evaluation

I fixed spaces and addressed comments about some grammar points -Avykliu1


Jonathan, I see your comments. Thank you for the feedback! I cannot work on addressing this right now (2 days left of finals), so perhaps I will revisit these corrections later during another academic year. Otherwise: hello to anyone viewing our wiki! -Scasada1

Example 1 (Verb Pronoun Marking)

In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to choose an English pronoun based on the person/number tags of the verb in Urum.

  • (uum) алйым → (eng) I find
    (uum) ал<v><tv><pres><p1><sg> → (eng) I<prn><subj><p1><m><sg> find<vblex><pres>
  • (uum) алйых → (eng) we find
    (uum) ал<v><tv><pres><p1><pl> → (eng) we<prn><subj><p1><mf><pl> find<vblex><pres>
  • (uum) алый → (eng) he finds
    (uum) ал<v><tv><pres><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><subj><p3><m><sg> find<vblex><pres>
  • (uum) алыйлар → (eng) they find
    (uum) ал<v><tv><pres><p3><pl> → (eng) they<prn><subj><p3><mf><pl> find<vblex><pres>

Example 2 (Verb Past-Tense)

There are spaces missing between the analyses. Also, I'm not sure this is a real grammar point, since the tag just gets copied? If it isn't, see if you can get one more grammar point. -JNW

In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to extract the past-tense tags/markers.

  • (uum) булду → (eng) he found
    (uum) бул<v><tv><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> find<vblex><past>
  • (uum) алды → (eng) he stayed
    (uum) ал<v><tv><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> stay<vblex><past>
  • (uum) кӧрдӱ → (eng) he saw
    (uum) кӧр<v><tv><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> see<vblex><past>
  • (uum) хойду → (eng) he put
    (uum) хой<v><tv><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> put<vblex><past>

Example 3 (Verb Negativity)

In Urum, verbs are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to extract the negativity (in conjunction with past from the previous examples).

  • (uum) булмады → (eng) he did not find
    (uum) бул<v><tv><neg><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> did<vblex><past> not<adv> find<vblex><pres>
  • (uum) алмады → (eng) he did not stay
    (uum) ал<v><tv><neg><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> did<vblex><past> not<adv> stay<vblex><pres>
  • (uum) кӧрмеди → (eng) he did not see
    (uum) кӧр<v><tv><neg><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> did<vblex><past> not<adv> see<vblex><pres>
  • (uum) хоймады → (eng) he did not put
    (uum) хой<v><tv><neg><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><p3><m><sg> did<vblex><past> not<adv> put<vblex><pres>

Example 4 (Ablative Case)

Missing spaces as above. The description doesn't match the phenomenon. -JNW

In Urum, nouns are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to choose a preposition ("from") if the noun is in Ablative case.

  • (uum) кӧктэн → (eng) from sky
    (uum) кӧк<n><abl> → (eng) from<pr> sky<n><sg>
  • (uum) базардан → (eng) from market
    (uum) базар<n><abl> → (eng) from<pr> market<n><sg>
  • (uum) завоттан → (eng) from factory
    (uum) завот<n><abl> → (eng) from<pr> factory<n><sg>
  • (uum) кӧйдэн → (eng) from village
    (uum) кӧй<n><abl> → (eng) from<pr> village<n><sg>

Example 5 (Locative Case)

Missing spaces as above. The description doesn't match the phenomenon. -JNW

In Urum, nouns are agglutinative. In order to translate correctly into English, we need to create a preposition ("in", "on" or "at") if the noun is in Locative case.

  • (uum) бахчыда → (eng) in sky
    (uum) бахчы<n><loc> → (eng) in<pr> sky<n><sg>
  • (uum) базарда → (eng) at market
    (uum) базар<n><loc> → (eng) at<pr> market<n><sg>
  • (uum) бахчыда → (eng) at factory
    (uum) завот<n><loc> → (eng) at<pr> factory<n><sg>
  • (uum) кӧйдэ → (eng) at village
    (uum) кӧй<n><loc> → (eng) at<pr> village<n><sg>
Retrieved from "http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Urum_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&oldid=22618"