Difference between revisions of "Tiwi/Grammar"
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=== Alternation 2: non-past verbs=== | === Alternation 2: non-past verbs=== | ||
"nonpast verbs have one of the non-past set of subject forms, but are not otherwise marked for tense. Past tense verbs are formed by a} selecting one of the past tense set of subject forms and b) inserting the past tense marker rə- wherever the subject form carries no tense meaning. (An exception to this is that rə- is inserted following pu- "they", which has a distinctively past tense meaning.) | "nonpast verbs have one of the non-past set of subject forms, but are not otherwise marked for tense. Past tense verbs are formed by a} selecting one of the past tense set of subject forms and b) inserting the past tense marker rə- wherever the subject form carries no tense meaning. (An exception to this is that rə- is inserted following pu- "they", which has a distinctively past tense meaning.) | ||
| − | * {{morphTest|wapa{{tag|v}}{{tag| | + | * {{morphTest|wapa{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|nonpast}}{{tag|s_sg3}}{{tag|m}}|awapa}} |
* {{morphTest|pangurlimayi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|nonpast}}{{tag|s_sg1}}|ngipangurlimayi}} | * {{morphTest|pangurlimayi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|nonpast}}{{tag|s_sg1}}|ngipangurlimayi}} | ||
* {{morphTest|takirayi{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nonpast}}{{tag|s_sg3}}{{tag|m}}|atakirayi}} | * {{morphTest|takirayi{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nonpast}}{{tag|s_sg3}}{{tag|m}}|atakirayi}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|wapa{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|nonpast}}{{tag|s_sg1}}|ngiwapa}} | ||
=== Alternation 3: past verbs=== | === Alternation 3: past verbs=== | ||
| − | * {{morphTest|wapa{{tag|v}}{{tag| | + | * {{morphTest|wapa{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_sg3}}{{tag|m}}|yiwapa}} |
* {{morphTest|pangurlimayi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_sg1}}|ngirripangurlimayi}} | * {{morphTest|pangurlimayi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_sg1}}|ngirripangurlimayi}} | ||
* {{morphTest|kirimi {{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_pl3}}|pirikirimi}} | * {{morphTest|kirimi {{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_pl3}}|pirikirimi}} | ||
* {{morphTest|akijiti {{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_pl3}}|pirripakijiti}} | * {{morphTest|akijiti {{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_pl3}}|pirripakijiti}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|walangarti{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_sg3}}{{tag|m}}|yiwalangarti}} | ||
In past tense verbs when third-person singular direct object co-occurs with third-person singular subject, the subject prefixes are used to express gender of the object, and the gender of the subject is neutralized.(Osborne 41) | In past tense verbs when third-person singular direct object co-occurs with third-person singular subject, the subject prefixes are used to express gender of the object, and the gender of the subject is neutralized.(Osborne 41) | ||
Revision as of 23:15, 5 March 2021
We based our grammar documentation on the Traditional Tiwi interpretation from Tiwi Today.
Contents
Parts of Speech
"The categories for Modern Tiwi are, in general, the same as those for Traditional Tiwi, the main differences being within the classes or sub-classes. Some classes, such as inflected verbs, are much reduced in size, while other classes, such as free verbs, are expanded." Tiwi Today
Nominals
nouns, kin nouns, adjectives, and numerals
Verbals
inflected verbs and free form verbs
Other
predicatives, locatives, temporals, adverbs, particles and interjections
Alternations
Alternation 1: singular imperative mood
- wapa<v><tv><imp><s_sg2> ↔ taapa
- wapa<v><tv><imp><s_sg2> ↔ takirimi
Alternation 2: non-past verbs
"nonpast verbs have one of the non-past set of subject forms, but are not otherwise marked for tense. Past tense verbs are formed by a} selecting one of the past tense set of subject forms and b) inserting the past tense marker rə- wherever the subject form carries no tense meaning. (An exception to this is that rə- is inserted following pu- "they", which has a distinctively past tense meaning.)
- wapa<v><iv><nonpast><s_sg3><m> ↔ awapa
- pangurlimayi<v><iv><nonpast><s_sg1> ↔ ngipangurlimayi
- takirayi<v><tv><nonpast><s_sg3><m> ↔ atakirayi
- wapa<v><iv><nonpast><s_sg1> ↔ ngiwapa
Alternation 3: past verbs
- wapa<v><iv><past><s_sg3><m> ↔ yiwapa
- pangurlimayi<v><iv><past><s_sg1> ↔ ngirripangurlimayi
- kirimi <v><iv><past><s_pl3> ↔ pirikirimi
- akijiti <v><iv><past><s_pl3> ↔ pirripakijiti
- walangarti<v><tv><past><s_sg3><m> ↔ yiwalangarti
In past tense verbs when third-person singular direct object co-occurs with third-person singular subject, the subject prefixes are used to express gender of the object, and the gender of the subject is neutralized.(Osborne 41)
- pirni <v><tv><past><s_sg3><o_sg3><m> ↔ yipirni
Alternation 4: direct object
- takirayi<v><tv><nonpast><s_sg3><m><o_pl3> ↔ awuntakirayi
- pirni<v><tv><past><s_sg3><m><o_sg1> ↔ yiminipirni
Alternation 5
Alternation 6
Alternation 7
Alternation 8
Alternation 9
Alternation 10
Other
- Examples not in Tiwi
