Difference between revisions of "English and Nivkh/Contrastive Grammar"
From LING073
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==== Add a "will" before word with future tense ==== | ==== Add a "will" before word with future tense ==== | ||
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф иғдь.|He killed him}} | * {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф иғдь.|He killed him}} | ||
| − | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} иғ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag| | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} иғ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}} |
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф иғныдь.|He will kill him}} | * {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф иғныдь.|He will kill him}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} иғ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} will{{tag|vbmod}}{{tag|pres}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|inf}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} иғ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} will{{tag|vbmod}}{{tag|pres}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|inf}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}} | ||
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*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|нивх{{tag|n}} ӽат{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} умгу{{tag|n}} пʼу{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} who{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} scold{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} go out{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} .{{tag|sent}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|нивх{{tag|n}} ӽат{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} умгу{{tag|n}} пʼу{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} who{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} scold{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} go out{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} .{{tag|sent}}}} | ||
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|ытык пʼызнивхордь.|father met the man who had called him.}} | * {{transferTest|niv|eng|ытык пʼызнивхордь.|father met the man who had called him.}} | ||
| − | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|ытык{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|prn}}{{tag|poss}}{{tag|ref}} ыз{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} нивх{{tag|n}} ор{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|father{{tag|n}} meet{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} who{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} have{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|past}} call{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|sg}}.{{tag|sent}}}} | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|ытык{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|prn}}{{tag|poss}}{{tag|ref}} ыз{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} нивх{{tag|n}} ор{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|father{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} meet{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} who{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} have{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|past}} call{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|sg}}.{{tag|sent}}}} |
==== Converbs end with "-ing" in english ==== | ==== Converbs end with "-ing" in english ==== | ||
* {{transferTest|niv|eng|ӿоӻор озр видь.|then, standing up, he went away.}} | * {{transferTest|niv|eng|ӿоӻор озр видь.|then, standing up, he went away.}} | ||
| − | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|ӿоӻор{{tag|cnjadv}} оз{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|cvb_nar1}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} ви{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} .{{tag|sent}}|then{{tag|cvjadv}} ,{{tag|cm}} stand{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pprs}} up{{tag|adv}} ,{{tag|cm}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} go{{tag| | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|ӿоӻор{{tag|cnjadv}} оз{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|cvb_nar1}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} ви{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} .{{tag|sent}}|then{{tag|cvjadv}} ,{{tag|cm}} stand{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pprs}} up{{tag|adv}} ,{{tag|cm}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} go{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} away{{tag|adv}} .{{tag|sent}}}} |
| + | ==== SVO ==== | ||
| + | * {{transferTest|niv|eng|умгу леп пʼоолаардь.|the woman fed her child bread.}} | ||
| + | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|умгу{{tag|n}} леп{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ref}} оола{{tag|n}} ар{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} fed{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} bread{{tag|n}}{{tag|s}} .{{tag|sent}}}} | ||
| + | * {{transferTest|niv|eng|оола пʼӈафӄзадь.|the child beat his friend.}} | ||
| + | *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|оола{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|poss}} ӈафӄ{{tag|n}} за{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} fed{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} bread{{tag|n}}{{tag|s}} .{{tag|sent}}}} | ||
| + | оола пʼӈафӄзадь. | ||
[[Category:Nivkh]] | [[Category:Nivkh]] | ||
[[Category:English]] | [[Category:English]] | ||
[[Category:Sp19_ContrastiveGrammars]] | [[Category:Sp19_ContrastiveGrammars]] | ||
Revision as of 23:41, 6 April 2019
Contents
niv-eng tests
- Future tag becomes "will"
cvb_nar1should turn into "-ing"- We make verbs without future tag past tense
- Nivkh is SOV and English is SVO
- Make relative clauses work
Examples
Add a "will" before word with future tense
- (niv) иф иғдь. → (eng) He killed him
- (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> иғ<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> kill<vblex><past> prpers<prn><p3><m><obj><sg> .<sent>
- (niv) иф иғныдь. → (eng) He will kill him
- (niv) иф<prn><pers><p3><sg> иғ<v><tv><fut><ind> .<sent> → (eng) prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> will<vbmod><pres> kill<vblex><inf> prpers<prn><p3><m><obj><sg> .<sent>
Relative Clauses
- (niv) нивхӄʼатумгу пʼудь. → (eng) the woman who scolded the man went out.
- (niv) нивх<n> ӽат<v><tv> умгу<n> пʼу<v><iv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> woman<n><sg> who<prn><rel><an><mf><sp> scold<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> man<n><sg> go out<vblex><past> .<sent>
- (niv) ытык пʼызнивхордь. → (eng) father met the man who had called him.
- (niv) ытык<n> пʼи<prn><poss><ref> ыз<v><tv> нивх<n> ор<v><tv><ind> .<sent> → (eng) father<n><sg> meet<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> man<n><sg> who<prn><rel><an><mf><sp> have<vbhaver><past> call<vblex><pp> prpers<prn><p3><m><obj><sg>.<sent>
Converbs end with "-ing" in english
- (niv) ӿоӻор озр видь. → (eng) then, standing up, he went away.
- (niv) ӿоӻор<cnjadv> оз<v><iv><cvb_nar1><p3><sg> ви<v><tv> .<sent> → (eng) then<cvjadv> ,<cm> stand<vblex><pprs> up<adv> ,<cm> prpers<prn><p3><m><subj><sg> go<vblex><past> away<adv> .<sent>
SVO
- (niv) умгу леп пʼоолаардь. → (eng) the woman fed her child bread.
- (niv) умгу<n> леп<n> пʼи<prn><ref> оола<n> ар<v><tv><ind> → (eng) the <det><def><sp> woman<n><sg> fed<vblex><past> prpers<det><pos><p3><f><sg> child<n><sg> bread<n><s> .<sent>
- (niv) оола пʼӈафӄзадь. → (eng) the child beat his friend.
- (niv) оола<n> пʼи<prn><ref><poss> ӈафӄ<n> за<v><tv><ind> → (eng) the <det><def><sp> woman<n><sg> fed<vblex><past> prpers<det><pos><p3><f><sg> child<n><sg> bread<n><s> .<sent>
оола пʼӈафӄзадь.
