Difference between revisions of "Kaingang and Portuguese/Contrastive Grammar"
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
São Paulo<n> vỹ<subj>, rã jur ja tá<cir> nĩ<asp>. | São Paulo<n> vỹ<subj>, rã jur ja tá<cir> nĩ<asp>. | ||
| − | São Paulo<n> fica<v> n< | + | São Paulo<n> fica<v> n<pr>o<det> leste<n> |
''"Sao Paulo is eastwards"'' | ''"Sao Paulo is eastwards"'' | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
*{{transferTest|kgp|por|kãfór|maior}} | *{{transferTest|kgp|por|kãfór|maior}} | ||
::{{transferMorphTest|kgp|por|kãfór{{tag|n}}{{tag|dep}}|maior{{tag|adj}}}} | ::{{transferMorphTest|kgp|por|kãfór{{tag|n}}{{tag|dep}}|maior{{tag|adj}}}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | *{{transferTest|kgp|por|kafã|companheira}} | ||
| + | ::{{transferMorphTest|kgp|por|kafã{{tag|n}}|maior{{tag|adj}}{{tag|m}}}} | ||
Téj<n><dep><sg> ki<cir> tóg<subj>, ti<prn> panh<n><dep> kãfór<n><dep> nĩ<asp>, kyrũ<n><sg> ti<prn>. | Téj<n><dep><sg> ki<cir> tóg<subj>, ti<prn> panh<n><dep> kãfór<n><dep> nĩ<asp>, kyrũ<n><sg> ti<prn>. | ||
| − | O<det><m> moço<n> é<v> mais alto<adj> que o<det> pai<n> d< | + | O<det><m> moço<n> é<v> mais alto<adj> que o<det> pai<n> d<pr>ele<prn>. |
| Line 81: | Line 85: | ||
*{{transferTest|kgp|pt|ẽprã|por}} | *{{transferTest|kgp|pt|ẽprã|por}} | ||
| − | ::{{transferMorphTest|kgp|pt|ẽprã{{tag|cir}}|em{{tag| | + | ::{{transferMorphTest|kgp|pt|ẽprã{{tag|cir}}|em{{tag|pr}}}} |
Nĩ<v><iv><sg> ra<asp>, ẽprã<cir>! | Nĩ<v><iv><sg> ra<asp>, ẽprã<cir>! | ||
| − | Senta<v><3p> n< | + | Senta<v><3p> n<pr>o<det> chão<n><masc>! |
''Sit on the floor!'' | ''Sit on the floor!'' | ||
| Line 91: | Line 95: | ||
*{{transferTest|kgp|pt|jagfy|por}} | *{{transferTest|kgp|pt|jagfy|por}} | ||
| − | ::{{transferMorphTest|kgp|pt|jagfy{{tag|cir}}|por{{tag| | + | ::{{transferMorphTest|kgp|pt|jagfy{{tag|cir}}|por{{tag|pr}}}} |
Ẽg<prn> jagfy<cir> tóg<subj> ter<v>, Jesus<n>. | Ẽg<prn> jagfy<cir> tóg<subj> ter<v>, Jesus<n>. | ||
| − | Por< | + | Por<pr> nós<prn> morreu<v> Jesus<n>. |
''"Jesus died for us."'' | ''"Jesus died for us."'' | ||
Revision as of 13:36, 16 April 2019
Five constrastive differences between Portuguese and Kaingang are:
1) Portuguese has gendered nouns, and Kaingang does not.
- (kgp) kafã → (por) companheira
- (kgp) kafã<n> → (por) companheira<n><f>}
Inh<prn> mré<n> nĩ<asp> fi<prn> vỹ<subj> tỹ<ex>, inh<prn> kafã<n> fi<prn> nĩ<asp>.
Minha<prn> esposa<n><f> é<v> minha<prn> companheira<n>
"My wife is my companion."
- (kgp) kur → (por) roupa
- (kgp) kur<n> → (por) roupa<n><f>}
Nũgnũj<n><dep><pl> ti<prn> nĩ<asp>, ã<prn> kur<n> ti<prn>.
A<det> sua<prn><det><3p><f> roupa<n><f> está<v><3p><sg> dobrada<adj><f>
"Your clothes are folded"
2) Kaingang has subject markers, and Portuguese does not.
- (kgp) tỹ → (por) meu
- (kgp) tỹ<subj><erg> → (por) meu<prn><m>}
Inh<prn> kósin<n> tỹ<subj><erg> ẽgno<n> vỹ<subj><top>, inh<prn> mỹ<post> tũg<v><iv>.
Meu<prn> filho<n><masc> caçula<adj> morreu<v><3p><past?>.
"My youngest son died"
- (kgp) vỹ → (por) o
- (kgp) vỹ<subj> → (por) o<det><m>}
São Paulo<n> vỹ<subj>, rã jur ja tá<cir> nĩ<asp>.
São Paulo<n> fica<v> n<pr>o<det> leste<n>
"Sao Paulo is eastwards"
3) Kaingang distinguishes between dependent nouns and independent nouns. Portuguese does not.
- (kgp) kãfór → (por) maior
- (kgp) kãfór<n><dep> → (por) maior<adj>
- (kgp) kafã → (por) companheira
- (kgp) kafã<n> → (por) maior<adj><m>
Téj<n><dep><sg> ki<cir> tóg<subj>, ti<prn> panh<n><dep> kãfór<n><dep> nĩ<asp>, kyrũ<n><sg> ti<prn>.
O<det><m> moço<n> é<v> mais alto<adj> que o<det> pai<n> d<pr>ele<prn>.
4) The copula verb "be" is formed with an existence-marking aspect marker in Kaingang, and with a verb in Portuguese.
- (kgp) nĩ → (pt) é
- (kgp) nĩ<asp> → (eng) é<v>
Tỹ<ex> ti<prn> ã<prn> jãmré<n> nĩ<asp>.
É<v> seu<prn> cunhado.<n>’
"He is his brother-in-law."
- (kgp) nĩ → (pt) é
- (kgp) nĩ<asp> → (eng) é<v>
Inh<prn> mỹ<cir> tóg<subj> tỹ<ex> ũn<prn><rel> há<n><dep> nĩ-ve<v><iv> nĩ<asp>.
Tenho a impressão que ele é bom.’
"I have the impression that he is good"
5) Kaingang has post-positions, Portuguese has pre-positions.
- (kgp) ẽprã → (pt) por
- (kgp) ẽprã<cir> → (pt) em<pr>
Nĩ<v><iv><sg> ra<asp>, ẽprã<cir>!
Senta<v><3p> n<pr>o<det> chão<n><masc>!
Sit on the floor!
- (kgp) jagfy → (pt) por
- (kgp) jagfy<cir> → (pt) por<pr>
Ẽg<prn> jagfy<cir> tóg<subj> ter<v>, Jesus<n>.
Por<pr> nós<prn> morreu<v> Jesus<n>.
"Jesus died for us."
