Difference between revisions of "Kalmyk and Judeo-Tat/Contrastive Grammar"

Revision as of 21:46, 10 April 2017

Resources for machine translation between Judeo-Tat and Kalmyk

Kalmyk uses the dative(dative-locative) case to mark nouns that indicate location and answer the question "where?". The dative case in Judeo-Tat accomplishes the functions of the dative and the accusative cases in Kalmyk.
For the genitive construction ('s/of), Kalmyk uses the genitive marker on the noun. Judeo-Tat has several strategies for doing this, but the most common one seems to be using "э" (of).

(jdt) хьэсуьл омори имбуруз э шегьэр шагь Довид → (xal) эндр Давид хаана төрскн хотнд "today in the town of David (meaning is closer to 'town where (King) David was born')"
(jdt) хьэсуьл<n> омори<v> имбуруз<n> э<abl> шегьэр<n> шагь <n> Довид<np> → (xal) эндр<n><sg> Давид<np> хаана<n><gen> төрскн<n><sg> хотнд<n><dat>

To indicate ordinal numbers, Kalmyk attaches a suffix to the cardinal form. Judeo-Tat does not have a specified ordinal form for numbers. [TODO]

(jdt) е чор руз → (xal) эн дөрвдгч өдрнь "(jdt) a fourth day (xal) this fourth day"
(jdt) е<adv> чор<num> руз<n> → (xal) эн <adj> дөрвдгч <num><ord> өдрнь<n><px3sp>

(jdt) зен ени мерд → (xal) эн күнə гергн "this man's wife"
(jdt) зен<n><sg> ен<pr>+и<det><dom> мерд<n><sg> → (xal) эн <adj> күнə <n><gen> гергн<n><sg>

(xal) Давид хаана төрскн хотнд → (jdt) хьэсуьл омори имбуруз э шегьэр шагь Довид "the town of David"
(xal) Давид<np> хаана<n><gen> төрскн<n> хотнд<n><dat> → (jdt) хьэсуьл<n> омори<v> имбуруз<n> э<abl> шегьэр<n> шагь <n> <n> Довид<np>
(xal) эн дөрвдгч өдрнь → (jdt) е чор руз "a/this fourth day"
(xal) эн <adj> дөрвдгч <num><ord> өдрнь<n><px3sp> → (jdt) е<adv> чор<num> руз<n>
(xal) тер үүдн хаав → (jdt) дер ез сэхд сохд "he closed the door"
(xal) тер<prn><pers> үүдн<n> хаав<v><pret> → (jdt) дер<n> ез<abl> сэхд<n> сохд<v><aor><sg><p3>

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 == xal-jdt Tests ==
-*{{transferTest|xal|jdt|Давид хаана төрскн хотнд|хьэсуьл омори имбуруз э шегьэр Довид Хилос-Сох}} "the town of David"
+*{{transferTest|xal|jdt|Давид хаана төрскн хотнд|хьэсуьл омори имбуруз э шегьэр шагь Довид}} "the town of David"
-*: {{transferMorphTest|xal|jdt|Давид{{tag|np}} хаана{{tag|n}}{{tag|gen}} төрскн{{tag|n}} хотнд{{tag|n}}{{tag|dat}}|хьэсуьл{{tag|n}} омори{{tag|v}} имбуруз{{tag|n}} э{{tag|abl}} шегьэр{{tag|n}} Довид{{tag|np}} Хилос{{tag|n}}-Сох{{tag|v}}}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|xal|jdt|Давид{{tag|np}} хаана{{tag|n}}{{tag|gen}} төрскн{{tag|n}} хотнд{{tag|n}}{{tag|dat}}|хьэсуьл{{tag|n}} омори{{tag|v}} имбуруз{{tag|n}} э{{tag|abl}} шегьэр{{tag|n}} шагь {{tag|n}} {{tag|n}} Довид{{tag|np}}}}
 * {{transferTest|xal|jdt|эн дөрвдгч өдрнь|е чор руз}} "a/this fourth day"
 *: {{transferMorphTest|xal|jdt|эн {{tag|adj}} дөрвдгч {{tag|num}}{{tag|ord}} өдрнь{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sp}}|е{{tag|adv}} чор{{tag|num}} руз{{tag|n}}}}