Difference between revisions of "Kalmyk and Judeo-Tat/Contrastive Grammar"

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== jdt-xal Tests==
 
== jdt-xal Tests==
−
* Kalmyk uses the dative(dative-locative) case to mark nouns that indicate location and answer the question "where?". TODO: Judeo-Tat does not mark this.
+
* Kalmyk uses the dative(dative-locative) case to mark nouns that indicate location and answer the question "where?". The dative case in Judeo-Tat accomplishes the functions of the dative and the accusative cases in Kalmyk.
−
* For the genitive construction ('s/of), Kalmyk uses the genitive marker on the noun. Judeo-Tat does not use this. TODO: WHAT INSTEAD?
+
* For the genitive construction ('s/of), Kalmyk uses the genitive marker on the noun. Judeo-Tat has several strategies for doing this, but the most common one seems to be using "э" (of).
−
:*{{transferTest|jdt|xal|TODO JDT|Давид хаана төрскн хотнд}} "the town of David (meaning is closer to 'town where (King) David was born')"
+
:*{{transferTest|jdt|xal|хьэсуьл омори имбуруз э шегьэр шагь Довид|эндр Давид хаана төрскн хотнд}} "today in the town of David (meaning is closer to 'town where (King) David was born')"
−
:*: {{transferMorphTest|jdt|xal|TODO JDT|Давид{{tag|np}} хаана{{tag|n}}{{tag|gen}} төрскн{{tag|n}} хотнд{{tag|n}}{{tag|dat}}}}
+
:*: {{transferMorphTest|jdt|xal|хьэсуьл{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} омори{{tag|v}} имбуруз{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} э{{tag|abl}} шегьэр{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} шагь {{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} Довид{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|m}}|эндр{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} Давид{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|m}} хаана{{tag|n}}{{tag|gen}} төрскн{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} хотнд{{tag|n}}{{tag|dat}}}}
  
−
* To indicate ordinal numbers, Kalmyk attaches a suffix to the cardinal form. Judeo-Tat does not have a specified ordinal form for numbers.
+
* There are two ways to indicate possession in Kalmyk: using a pronoun before the noun, and attaching a possessive suffix to the noun (this example uses the latter method). Judeo-Tat only uses pronouns for possession.
−
* TODO: why does xal have a possesive marker on 'day'?
+
* Judeo-Tat uses a copula suffix to indicate the meaning "is." There is no such strategy in Kalmyk.
−
:* {{transferTest|jdt|xal|е чор руз|эн дөрвдгч өдрнь}} "(jdt) a fourth day (xal) this fourth day"
+
:* {{transferTest|jdt|xal|дусдмере нуми Довид|нәәҗинм нерн Давид}} "friend's name is David"
−
:*: {{transferMorphTest|jdt|xal|е{{tag|adv}} чор{{tag|num}} руз{{tag|n}}|эн {{tag|adj}} дөрвдгч {{tag|num}}{{tag|ord}} өдрнь{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sp}}}}
+
:*: {{transferMorphTest|jdt|xal|дусдмере{{tag|n}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|dat}} нуми{{tag|n}}{{tag|cop}}{{tag|p3}} Довид{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|m}}|нәәҗинм{{tag|n}}{{tag|gen}}{{tag|px1sg}} нерн{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} Давид{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|m}}}}
  
−
* Kalmyk is a SOV language. Judeo-Tat is a ???TODO language.
+
* Another strategy for genitive construction in Judeo-Tat is adding и to form a compound word. In Kalmyk, the genitive construction is always consistent (attaching the genitive suffix).
−
:* {{transferTest|jdt|xal|е жуьфд журубьо|тер үүдн хаав}} "he closed the door"
+
:* {{transferTest|jdt|xal|зен эни мерд|эн күнә гергн}} "this man's wife"
−
:*: {{transferMorphTest|jdt|xal|TODO JDT|тер{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}} үүдн{{tag|n}} хаав{{tag|v}}{{tag|pret}}}}
+
:*: {{transferMorphTest|jdt|xal|зен{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} эн{{tag|pr}}+и{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}} мерд{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|эн {{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}} күнә {{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}} гергн{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
 
== xal-jdt Tests ==
 
== xal-jdt Tests ==
−
*{{transferTest|xal|jdt|Давид хаана төрскн хотнд|TODO JDT}} "the town of David"
+
*{{transferTest|xal|jdt|эндр Давид хаана төрскн хотнд|хьэсуьл омори имбуруз э шегьэр шагь Довид}} "today in the town of David"
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|xal|jdt|Давид{{tag|np}} хаана{{tag|n}}{{tag|gen}} төрскн{{tag|n}} хотнд{{tag|n}}{{tag|dat}}|TODO JDT}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|xal|jdt|эндр{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} Давид{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|m}} хаана{{tag|n}}{{tag|gen}} төрскн{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} хотнд{{tag|n}}{{tag|dat}}|хьэсуьл{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} омори{{tag|v}} имбуруз{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} э{{tag|abl}} шегьэр{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} шагь {{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} Довид{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|m}}}}
−
* {{transferTest|xal|jdt|эн дөрвдгч өдрнь|TODO JDT}} "a/this fourth day"
+
 
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|xal|jdt|эн {{tag|adj}} дөрвдгч {{tag|num}}{{tag|ord}} өдрнь{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sp}}|TODO JDT}}
+
* {{transferTest|xal|jdt|нәәҗинм нерн Давид|дусдмере нуми Довид}} "friend's name is David"
−
* {{transferTest|xal|jdt|тер үүдн хаав|TODO JDT}} "he closed the door"
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|xal|jdt|нәәҗинм{{tag|n}}{{tag|gen}}{{tag|px1sg}} нерн{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} Давид{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|m}}|дусдмере{{tag|n}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|dat}} нуми{{tag|n}}{{tag|cop}}{{tag|p3}} Довид{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|m}}}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|xal|jdt|тер{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}} үүдн{{tag|n}} хаав{{tag|v}}{{tag|pret}}|е{{tag|art}} жуьфд{{tag|class}} журубьо{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}
+
* {{transferTest|xal|jdt|эн күнә гергн|зен эни мерд}} "this man's wife"
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|xal|jdt|эн {{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}} күнә {{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}} гергн{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}}|зен{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} эн{{tag|pr}}+и{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}} мерд{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
 
== Developed Resources==
 
== Developed Resources==

Latest revision as of 02:50, 13 April 2017

Resources for machine translation between Judeo-Tat and Kalmyk

jdt-xal Tests

  • Kalmyk uses the dative(dative-locative) case to mark nouns that indicate location and answer the question "where?". The dative case in Judeo-Tat accomplishes the functions of the dative and the accusative cases in Kalmyk.
  • For the genitive construction ('s/of), Kalmyk uses the genitive marker on the noun. Judeo-Tat has several strategies for doing this, but the most common one seems to be using "э" (of).
  • (jdt) хьэсуьл омори имбуруз э шегьэр шагь Довид → (xal) эндр Давид хаана төрскн хотнд "today in the town of David (meaning is closer to 'town where (King) David was born')"
    (jdt) хьэсуьл<n><sg> омори<v> имбуруз<n><sg> э<abl> шегьэр<n><sg> шагь <n><sg> Довид<np><ant><m> → (xal) эндр<n><sg> Давид<np><ant><m> хаана<n><gen> төрскн<n><sg> хотнд<n><dat>
  • There are two ways to indicate possession in Kalmyk: using a pronoun before the noun, and attaching a possessive suffix to the noun (this example uses the latter method). Judeo-Tat only uses pronouns for possession.
  • Judeo-Tat uses a copula suffix to indicate the meaning "is." There is no such strategy in Kalmyk.
  • (jdt) дусдмере нуми Довид → (xal) нәәҗинм нерн Давид "friend's name is David"
    (jdt) дусдмере<n><p1><sg><dat> нуми<n><cop><p3> Довид<np><ant><m> → (xal) нәәҗинм<n><gen><px1sg> нерн<n><sg> Давид<np><ant><m>
  • Another strategy for genitive construction in Judeo-Tat is adding и to form a compound word. In Kalmyk, the genitive construction is always consistent (attaching the genitive suffix).
  • (jdt) зен эни мерд → (xal) эн күнә гергн "this man's wife"
    (jdt) зен<n><sg> эн<pr>+и<det><dem> мерд<n><sg> → (xal) эн <det><dem> күнә <n><sg><gen> гергн<n><sg>

xal-jdt Tests

  • (xal) эндр Давид хаана төрскн хотнд → (jdt) хьэсуьл омори имбуруз э шегьэр шагь Довид "today in the town of David"
    (xal) эндр<n><sg> Давид<np><ant><m> хаана<n><gen> төрскн<n><sg> хотнд<n><dat> → (jdt) хьэсуьл<n><sg> омори<v> имбуруз<n><sg> э<abl> шегьэр<n><sg> шагь <n><sg> Довид<np><ant><m>
  • (xal) нәәҗинм нерн Давид → (jdt) дусдмере нуми Довид "friend's name is David"
    (xal) нәәҗинм<n><gen><px1sg> нерн<n><sg> Давид<np><ant><m> → (jdt) дусдмере<n><p1><sg><dat> нуми<n><cop><p3> Довид<np><ant><m>
  • (xal) эн күнә гергн → (jdt) зен эни мерд "this man's wife"
    (xal) эн <det><dem> күнә <n><sg><gen> гергн<n><sg><nom> → (jdt) зен<n><sg> эн<pr>+и<det><dem> мерд<n><sg>

Developed Resources

Corpus on GitHub Lexical Transfer on Github

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