Kalmyk and Judeo-Tat/Contrastive Grammar

Resources for machine translation between Judeo-Tat and Kalmyk

jdt-xal Tests

• Kalmyk uses the dative(dative-locative) case to mark nouns that indicate location and answer the question "where?". Judeo-Tat does not mark this.
• For the genitive construction ('s/of), Kalmyk uses the genitive marker on the noun. Judeo-Tat does not use this.

• (jdt) хьэсуьл омори имбуруз э шегьэр Довид Хилос-Сох → (xal) Давид хаана төрскн хотнд "the town of David (meaning is closer to 'town where (King) David was born')"

  (jdt) хьэсуьл<n> омори<v> имбуруз<n> э<abl> шегьэр<n> Довид<np> Хилос<n>-Сох<v> → (xal) Давид<np> хаана<n><gen> төрскн<n> хотнд<n><dat>

• To indicate ordinal numbers, Kalmyk attaches a suffix to the cardinal form. Judeo-Tat does not have a specified ordinal form for numbers.
• Question: why does xal have a possesive marker on 'day'?

• (jdt) е чор руз → (xal) эн дөрвдгч өдрнь "(jdt) a fourth day (xal) this fourth day"

  (jdt) е<adv> чор<num> руз<n> → (xal) эн <adj> дөрвдгч <num><ord> өдрнь<n><px3sp>

• Kalmyk is a SVO language. Judeo-Tat is a SOV language.

• (jdt) дер ез сэхд сохд → (xal) тер үүдн хаав "he closed the door"

  (jdt) дер<n> ез<abl> сэхд<n> сохд<v><aor><sg><p3> → (xal) тер<prn><pers> үүдн<n> хаав<v><pret>

xal-jdt Tests

• (xal) Давид хаана төрскн хотнд → (jdt) хьэсуьл омори имбуруз э шегьэр Довид Хилос-Сох "the town of David"

  (xal) Давид<np> хаана<n><gen> төрскн<n> хотнд<n><dat> → (jdt) хьэсуьл<n> омори<v> имбуруз<n> э<abl> шегьэр<n> Довид<np> Хилос<n>-Сох<v>

• (xal) эн дөрвдгч өдрнь → (jdt) е чор руз "a/this fourth day"

  (xal) эн <adj> дөрвдгч <num><ord> өдрнь<n><px3sp> → (jdt) е<adv> чор<num> руз<n>

• (xal) тер үүдн хаав → (jdt) дер ез сэхд сохд "he closed the door"

  (xal) тер<prn><pers> үүдн<n> хаав<v><pret> → (jdt) дер<n> ез<abl> сэхд<n> сохд<v><aor><sg><p3>

Developed Resources

Corpus on GitHub Lexical Transfer on Github